Agents in the Scene: An Agentic Framework for Resource-Efficient Site-Specific Base Station Deployment
作者: Zihao Zhou, Zhaolin Wang, Yuanwei Liu
分类: eess.SY
发布日期: 2026-09-16
💡 一句话要点
提出自主框架以实现高效的基站部署
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 基站部署 无线网络 自主代理 射线追踪 资源优化 城市规划 智能交通
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法依赖人工勘查或复杂的射线追踪模拟,效率低且人力成本高。
- 提出的框架通过自主探索和优化基站部署,利用三维数字双胞胎构建动作空间,减少人力干预。
- 实验结果显示,该方法在多个城市场景中显著提升了部署效率和覆盖率,减少了资源消耗。
📝 摘要(中文)
本文提出了一种自主的框架,用于无线网络规划中的特定场地基站部署。与传统依赖人工现场勘查或大量射线追踪模拟的方法不同,该框架在有限的射线追踪评估预算下,能够自主探索和优化基站部署,实现资源高效的网络规划。通过构建基于三维无线数字双胞胎的几何基础部署动作空间,代理团队通过状态感知-推理-反思循环进行操作,最终实现无需人工干预的优化部署计划。实验结果表明,该方法在两个现实城市场景中显著优于启发式、基于学习和大型语言模型辅助的方法,同时在覆盖率上与最优解竞争力强,且所需的发射器级射线追踪评估显著减少。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决无线网络规划中基站部署的高成本和低效率问题。现有方法往往依赖人工勘查和复杂的射线追踪模拟,导致资源浪费和时间延误。
核心思路:论文提出了一种自主的代理框架,通过构建几何基础的动作空间,利用代理团队在状态感知、推理和反思的循环中优化基站部署,减少人力干预。
技术框架:整体架构包括三个主要模块:1) 部署代理生成候选基站部署;2) 反思代理分析射线追踪结果并提供指导;3) 迭代优化过程积累场地特定经验。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入了双模式机制,结合经验引导和探索模式,避免了局部最优解的问题,同时有效利用射线追踪反馈进行优化。
关键设计:在参数设置上,采用了基于几何特征的动作空间设计,损失函数结合了覆盖率和干扰因素,网络结构则基于强化学习框架进行优化。通过这种设计,框架能够在有限的资源下实现高效的基站部署。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,所提出的方法在两个城市场景中显著优于传统的启发式和学习基础方法,覆盖率与最优解相当,但所需的射线追踪评估次数减少了许多,体现了其资源高效性和优化能力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括城市无线网络规划、智能交通系统和物联网基础设施建设。通过实现高效的基站部署,能够显著提升网络覆盖率和服务质量,降低运营成本,具有重要的实际价值和广泛的未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
An agentic framework is proposed for autonomous site-specific base station (BS) deployment in wireless network planning. In contrast to conventional approaches that rely on manual site surveys or extensive ray-tracing (RT) simulations with significant human intervention, the proposed framework autonomously explores and optimizes BS deployment under a limited RT evaluation budget, enabling resource-efficient network planning. To this end, a continuous, geometry-grounded deployment action space is first constructed from three-dimensional (3D) wireless digital twins. Within this action space, an agent team operates through a stateful perception--reasoning--reflection loop. Specifically, a Placement Agent first generates candidate BS deployments in two complementary modes: an experience-guided mode that refines promising solutions, and an exploration mode that avoids getting stuck in local optima. After the candidate deployments are evaluated through RT, a Reflection Agent interprets the RT results together with the scene geometry, identifies performance-limiting factors such as blockage, overlapping coverage, and uncovered areas, and converts these diagnoses into guidance for subsequent deployment. Through this iterative process, site-specific experience is accumulated and deployment plans are optimized without human intervention. Numerical results in two realistic urban scenarios show that: 1) the proposed approach substantially outperforms heuristic, learning-based, and large language model (LLM)-assisted methods; 2) it achieves highly competitive coverage against the optimal solution while requiring substantially fewer transmitter-level RT evaluations; 3) site-specific reflection effectively turns raw RT feedback into refinement guidance, whereas the dual-mode mechanism preserves diversity and facilitates escape from local optima.