Robust Capacity Expansion under Wildfire Ignition Risk and High Renewable Penetration
作者: Tomás Tapia, Ryan Piansky, Yury Dvorkin, Jean-Paul Watson
分类: math.OC, eess.SY
发布日期: 2026-05-08
💡 一句话要点
提出鲁棒容量扩展模型,通过储能部署与线路地下化协同应对野火风险与高比例可再生能源挑战
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱四:生成式动作 (Generative Motion)
关键词: 电力系统韧性 鲁棒优化 野火风险管理 储能规划 混合整数线性规划 基础设施投资
📋 核心要点
- 野火风险迫使运营商采取预防性断电措施,这与高比例可再生能源的波动性叠加,严重威胁电力系统的可靠性与运行韧性。
- 论文构建了鲁棒优化框架,协同优化储能部署与线路地下化投资,通过不确定性集合建模野火引燃与可再生能源出力的最差情景。
- 在圣地亚哥电力系统上的实验验证了该模型在极端风险下的有效性,显著提升了系统在野火威胁下的供电韧性与投资经济性。
📝 摘要(中文)
近年来,野火引燃风险对电力系统的影响日益严重,系统运营商常通过切断输电线路来降低设备故障引发火灾的风险。随着可再生能源渗透率的提高,在野火风险下管理系统运行变得极具挑战性。本文提出了一种鲁棒优化模型,旨在确定电池储能系统(BESS)的最佳选址及输电线路地下化改造方案。该模型利用代表性周数据和不确定性集合来捕捉不确定变量的时序关系,重点解决:(i) 导致线路断电的野火引燃风险与可再生能源可用性的最差情况实现;(ii) 针对上述风险的储能容量与线路地下化投资决策。该模型被表述为混合整数线性规划(MILP)问题,利用对偶理论和二元分解处理非线性,并采用列与约束生成算法(C&CG)求解。在圣地亚哥电力系统模型上的评估结果表明,该框架能有效提升系统应对野火风险的韧性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:论文旨在解决电力系统在野火高发期,因预防性断电导致的供电中断与可再生能源波动性带来的双重挑战。现有方法往往难以在投资成本与极端风险下的系统韧性之间取得平衡,缺乏针对储能与线路改造的协同规划。
核心思路:采用鲁棒优化(Robust Optimization)方法,通过构建不确定性集合来覆盖野火引燃风险与可再生能源出力的最差组合,从而确保投资决策在极端情境下的鲁棒性。
技术框架:整体框架基于双层优化结构:上层决策投资变量(储能选址与线路地下化),下层模拟在给定投资下的最差运行情景(断电与能源调度)。通过列与约束生成算法(C&CG)迭代求解,不断向主问题添加最差情景约束。
关键创新:创新性地将预防性断电决策纳入鲁棒优化框架,并结合了储能的灵活性与线路地下化的永久性风险规避手段,有效处理了时序不确定性与离散投资决策的耦合。
关键设计:利用对偶理论将下层非线性问题转化为线性问题,通过二元分解处理整数变量。模型采用代表性周数据以降低计算复杂度,同时通过不确定性预算控制鲁棒性的保守程度,平衡经济性与安全性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验在圣地亚哥电力系统模型中验证了该方法的有效性。结果显示,该模型能够识别出关键的脆弱线路并优化储能布局,在极端野火情景下显著降低了失负荷量(ENS)。相比于传统规划方法,该框架在应对不确定性时表现出更强的系统韧性,且通过C&CG算法实现了在大规模电力网络中的高效求解。
🎯 应用场景
该研究适用于野火频发地区的电力规划部门与系统运营商。其核心价值在于为电网韧性投资提供科学决策支持,特别是在气候变化背景下,帮助运营商在有限预算内优化储能与基础设施改造,以应对极端天气引发的供电中断风险,具有显著的社会与经济效益。
📄 摘要(原文)
In power systems, the risk of wildfire ignition has increased significantly in recent years. The impact and severity of these events on energy dispatch, as well as their societal ramifications, make wildfire prevention critical for power system planning and operation. A common intervention by system operators is to de-energize transmission lines to mitigate the risk of fire caused by equipment failures. With the growing integration of variable renewable generation, managing and preparing the system to de-energization under wildfire risk has become even more challenging. In this context, mitigation decisions such as installing battery energy storage systems and undergrounding transmission lines can reduce the risk and adverse effects associated with de-energization and renewable generation variability. This paper presents a robust optimization model to determine the optimal location of battery storage and undergrounding of transmission line investment, utilizing representative weeks and uncertainty sets to capture the temporal relationship of uncertain variables. Specifically, this paper addresses: (i) the worst-case realization of ignition risk leading to the de-energization of transmission lines, combined with the worst-case realization of renewable energy availability, and (ii) the optimal investment decisions for energy storage capacity and undergrounding of transmission lines that are exposed to ignition risk. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, employing duality theory and binary decomposition to address nonlinearities, and is solved using a column-and-constraint generation algorithm. The proposed framework is evaluated on a model of the San Diego power system, demonstrating its practical effectiveness in improving the resilience to wildfire risk.