PhantomTac: Hijacking Robotic Tactile Systems with Deploy-and-forget Tags
作者: Binbin Zhang, Yifeng Zhang, Xiaomeng Chen, Dongyao Chen
分类: cs.CR, cs.RO
发布日期: 2026-10-19
备注: Accepted at ACM CCS 2026. Project page: https://phantomtac.org
💡 一句话要点
提出PhantomTac以解决机器人触觉系统安全问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 触觉感知 机器人安全 物理攻击 磁性传感器 闭环控制 防御机制 逆向工程
📋 核心要点
- 现有的触觉传感器在安全性方面存在漏洞,攻击者可以通过物理手段干扰传感器的正常工作。
- 论文提出了一种名为PhantomTac的攻击方法,通过简单的磁性标签实现对触觉传感器的欺骗。
- 实验结果表明,该攻击方法在抓取位置偏移不超过8mm的情况下,成功率超过95%,显示出其高效性和隐蔽性。
📝 摘要(中文)
触觉感知对于精确的机器人操作至关重要,尤其是在闭环力控制中。本文发现了一种名为PhantomTac的物理漏洞,攻击者可以通过改变磁场来欺骗磁性触觉传感器。只需将一个薄的、无电池的磁性标签附着在物体表面,攻击者便可隐蔽地实施攻击。该攻击方式为“部署即忘”,攻击者可以在不接触设备的情况下,导致机器人在抓取物体时造成严重损害。通过对现有商业触觉传感器的逆向工程,本文提出了一种实用的标签设计,并在真实机器人上进行了评估,攻击成功率超过95%。最后,针对现有抗磁干扰机制的局限性,提出了一种多模态一致性防御机制以缓解此类物理层安全威胁。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有磁性触觉传感器在安全性方面的漏洞,攻击者可以通过物理手段改变传感器的感知结果,导致机器人操作失误。
核心思路:论文的核心思路是利用薄型磁性标签改变传感器感知的磁场,从而欺骗传感器对施加力的判断,达到隐蔽攻击的目的。
技术框架:整体架构包括对现有触觉传感器的逆向工程分析、攻击标签的设计与实现,以及在真实机器人上的攻击效果评估。主要模块包括标签设计、攻击实施和效果验证。
关键创新:最重要的技术创新在于提出了“部署即忘”的攻击方式,攻击者无需接触设备即可实施攻击,且攻击方式隐蔽性强。
关键设计:标签设计的关键参数包括厚度(约0.5mm)和无电池特性,确保其易于隐藏和部署。实验中还对抗干扰机制进行了评估,提出了多模态一致性防御机制以应对潜在威胁。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,PhantomTac攻击在真实机器人上实现了超过95%的成功率,尤其是在抓取位置偏移不超过8mm的情况下,表现出极高的有效性。相比于直接破坏机器人手臂的方式,该攻击方式更加隐蔽,具有更高的安全威胁。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人操作安全、工业自动化和智能制造等。通过提高对触觉传感器的安全性,能够有效防止恶意攻击,保障机器人在执行任务时的可靠性和安全性。未来,该研究可能推动更安全的机器人系统设计与防护机制的开发。
📄 摘要(原文)
Tactile perception is crucial for precise robotic manipulation, providing an important foundation for dexterous, closed-loop force control. Among various tactile sensing techniques, magnetic tactile sensors stand out thanks to their fine-grained, three-dimensional force perception capability and strong robustness against visual occlusion. In this study, we discover a physical loophole called PhantomTac in magnetic tactile sensors. The attacker can alter the magnetic field, thus spoofing the force interpreted by magnetic tactile sensors. The attacker can stealthily deploy such an attack by simply attaching a thin (the thickness is around 0.5 mm), battery-free magnetic tag to the surface of an object. Hence, the attack tag can be easily concealed by a barcode sticker. Such an attack scheme is "deploy-and-forget" -- the attacker can deploy the tag and leave. When a robotic hand is picking up an object, it may severely damage the object. Specifically, spoofing the normal force can crush the object, whereas spoofing the shear force can lead to a loose grip, thus dropping the object. Compared with directly sabotaging the robotic hand, PhantomTac is much more concealed as the attacker does not need access to the device. We performed extensive reverse-engineering efforts to characterize the sensing mechanism of commercial-off-the-shelf tactile sensors and proposed a practical tag design. End-to-end evaluations conducted on real robots and robotic arms demonstrate that our attack can bypass existing anti-interference mechanisms and effectively hijack their closed-loop control processes, achieving an attack success rate exceeding 95% when the grasping-position offset is bounded within 8 mm. Finally, based on the limitations of existing anti-magnetic interference mechanisms, we propose a multimodal-consistency defense mechanism to mitigate such physical-layer security threats.