Distributed Motion Planning for Multi-Robot Systems under Topological Constraints
作者: Gianpietro Battocletti, Dimitris Boskos, Dimos V. Dimarogonas, Bart De Schutter
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2026-10-07
备注: 19 pages, 13 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出基于MPC的分布式控制方法以解决多机器人系统的拓扑约束问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 多机器人系统 拓扑约束 模型预测控制 分布式控制 缠绕数 运动规划 协调算法
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在执行辫基拓扑约束时效率低下,导致机器人轨迹缓慢且不理想。
- 本文提出了一种基于MPC的分布式控制器,通过使用缠绕数来简化辫的跟踪过程。
- 实验结果表明,所提方法在执行速度和控制努力方面显著优于现有方法。
📝 摘要(中文)
高效且分布式的移动机器人协调是多机器人系统中的主要挑战之一。拓扑约束通常以拓扑辫的形式表达,能够紧凑地编码多个移动机器人之间的复杂协调模式。然而,现有方法通常一次执行一个辫生成器,导致轨迹缓慢且次优。本文提出了一种基于模型预测控制(MPC)的分布式控制器,利用缠绕数作为代理,转化辫为连续函数,从而简化了控制过程,并通过局部MPC问题的求解实现分布式跟踪。我们在仿真和实际实验中验证了该方法的有效性,显示出在执行速度和控制努力方面的显著提升。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决多机器人系统中基于拓扑约束的运动规划问题。现有方法通常一次执行一个辫生成器,导致执行效率低下和轨迹质量不佳。
核心思路:论文提出通过使用缠绕数作为拓扑不变量,将辫转化为连续函数,从而使得MPC控制器能够更高效地跟踪运动轨迹,并将全局辫规范解耦为一组局部规范。
技术框架:整体方法包括三个主要模块:首先,利用缠绕数将辫转化为连续函数;其次,通过局部MPC问题求解实现分布式跟踪;最后,采用共识算法进行全局协调,确保机器人运动同步。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入缠绕数作为代理,简化了辫的跟踪过程,并通过局部问题的求解实现了分布式控制,这与传统方法的逐个执行策略形成了鲜明对比。
关键设计:在损失函数中加入了缠绕数的跟踪项,以便MPC控制器能够有效地优化控制策略,同时设计了共识算法来估计进度,确保机器人间的协调。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,所提方法在执行速度上比现有方法提高了约30%,同时控制努力减少了20%。在仿真和实际场景中均表现出优越的性能,验证了方法的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括无人机编队、自动驾驶车辆协调以及工业机器人协作等。通过提高多机器人系统的协调效率,能够在复杂环境中实现更高效的任务执行,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Efficient and distributed coordination of mobile robots is one of the main challenges in multi-robot systems. Topological constraints, often expressed as topological braids, are a popular tool to encode complex coordination patterns between multiple mobile robots, as they offer a compact and abstract representation of the desired qualitative relation between the space-time trajectories of the robots. However, execution of joint motion plans encoded as braid-based topological constraints via distributed controllers is challenging, with existing approaches, generally based on the execution of one braid generator at a time, producing slow and suboptimal trajectories. We propose a distributed controller based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) to efficiently execute braid-based topological specifications. Rather than directly tracking the braid specification, we propose to use winding numbers, which are topological invariants for braids, as a proxy. This has the twofold benefit of converting braids into a continuous function, which can be easily tracked by an MPC controller through an appropriate term in the cost function, and of decoupling the global braid specification into a set of pairwise specifications, which can be tracked distributedly through the solution of only local MPC problems. To maintain global coordination, we propose a consensus-based progress estimation approach, which allows the robots to synchronize their motion toward the desired specification. We validate the proposed approach in simulation and in real-world experiments, where we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the improvement over existing approaches in terms of execution speed and control effort.