Traversability-Aware Cooperative Path Planning for Human-UGV Casualty Evacuation
作者: Kristian Dalland, Prithvi Poddar, Souma Chowdhury, Karthik Dantu, Ehsan T. Esfahani
分类: cs.RO, cs.HC
发布日期: 2026-10-05
备注: 6 pages, 4 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出人机联合路径规划以优化救援任务效率
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics)
关键词: 人机协作 路径规划 救援任务 能量优化 动态模型 多机器人系统 切换点优化
📋 核心要点
- 现有的异构多机器人路径规划方法未能充分考虑人类代理的动态特性和能量限制,导致效率低下。
- 本文提出了一种联合路径规划方法,利用人类和UGV的互补优势,通过优化切换点来提高救援任务的效率。
- 实验结果表明,优化策略显著减少了任务时间和人类能量消耗,验证了人-UGV团队合作的有效性。
📝 摘要(中文)
异构多机器人路径规划是一个广泛研究的问题,涉及不同运动学和动力学模型的代理协调以实现共同目标。然而,现有方法将人类代理视为指挥者,而非具有独特移动约束和动态能量储备的物理共同导航者。本文研究了人-UGV(无人地面车辆)团队在搜索与救援任务中的联合路径规划。我们使用Pandolf-Santee代谢成本模型来模拟人类代理的疲劳调节速度,并采用滚动阻力能量模型来描述UGV的地形依赖速度限制。通过利用人类和UGV的互补可通行性,我们优化了伤员转移位置,称为切换点,从而最小化总任务时间。在多个合成环境中评估后,优化策略相较于人类单独基线减少了5.3%的平均任务时间,且相较于未优化的简单人-UGV策略减少了7.0%的时间,同时减少了人类能量消耗17.8%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决人-UGV团队在救援任务中的路径规划问题,现有方法未能有效考虑人类的移动限制和能量消耗,导致任务效率低下。
核心思路:通过建模人类和UGV的运动特性,利用两者的互补可通行性,优化伤员转移的切换点,以减少总任务时间和人类的能量消耗。
技术框架:整体方法包括人类代理的代谢成本模型和UGV的滚动阻力能量模型,结合地形数据进行路径规划,优化切换点以实现高效的任务执行。
关键创新:本研究的创新在于将人类代理视为具有动态特性的共同导航者,而非仅仅是指挥者,从而实现了更高效的路径规划。
关键设计:在模型中,使用Pandolf-Santee代谢成本模型来模拟人类的疲劳影响,并通过地形依赖的速度限制来描述UGV的性能,确保了模型的真实有效性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,优化后的路径规划策略相较于人类单独基线减少了5.3%的任务时间,相较于未优化的简单人-UGV策略减少了7.0%的时间,同时人类的能量消耗降低了17.8%。这些结果表明切换点优化在提升任务效率方面的必要性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究具有广泛的应用潜力,特别是在紧急救援、灾后恢复和人机协作领域。通过优化人-UGV团队的路径规划,可以显著提高救援效率,减少人力资源的消耗,未来可能在实际救援任务中得到应用。
📄 摘要(原文)
Heterogeneous multi-robot path planning is a well-studied problem in which agents with disparate kinematic and dynamic models must coordinate to achieve shared objectives. These formulations, however, treat all agents as robotic-their cost models are mechanical and their traversability is sensor-derived. In human-robot teaming, the human partner remains relegated to command and supervisory roles rather than being modeled as a physical co-navigator with distinct mobility constraints and dynamic energy reserves. This work investigates joint path planning for a two-agent human-UGV team in search-and-rescue casualty retrieval scenarios. We model the human agent using the Pandolf-Santee metabolic cost model with fatigue-modulated speed, and the UGV using a rolling-resistance energy model with terrain-dependent speed limits. By exploiting the complementary traversability of each agent-the human's ability to traverse dense vegetation and shallow water versus the UGV's superior speed on open terrain and roads-we optimize casualty transfer locations, termed switch points, to minimize total mission time. Evaluated across multiple synthetic 1km2 environments with procedurally generated elevation and land-cover data, the optimized strategy reduces mean mission time by 5.3% relative to a human-only baseline and by 7.0% relative to a naive human-UGV strategy without switch point optimization, while reducing human energy expenditure by 17.8% relative to baseline. Notably, the naive strategy reduces human energy expenditure by a larger margin (22.4%) but incurs a 2% increase in mission time relative to baseline, illustrating that switch point optimization is necessary to realize time savings from human-UGV teaming.