MotorMind: Scaffolding General Vision Language Models for Zero-Shot Robot Manipulation
作者: Bingxuan Li, Siqi Song, Yizhuo Wu, Jiarui Yao, Tong Zhang, Huan Zhang
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2026-09-29
💡 一句话要点
提出MotorMind以解决零-shot机器人操作的局限性
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 视觉-语言-动作 机器人操作 零-shot学习 通用模型 异步执行 中级动作表示 智能制造 服务机器人
📋 核心要点
- 现有的视觉-语言-动作模型在新任务和环境中的零-shot泛化能力有限,且依赖于专门的训练。
- 本文提出MotorMind,通过将VLM提出的中级动作连接到确定性机器人控制,实现无需任务特定训练的操作。
- 实验结果显示,MotorMind在LIBERO-PRO基准测试中成功率达到66.7%,在真实机器人上实现95%的成功率,显著提升了性能。
📝 摘要(中文)
视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型在机器人操作领域取得了进展,但在新任务和环境中的零-shot泛化能力仍然有限。同时,现有的代理机器人系统依赖于外部模型和工具,增加了复杂性和成本。为此,本文提出MotorMind,一个将通用视觉语言模型(VLM)与机器人控制和反馈连接的操作框架,能够直接从观察中推理、发出动作并适应执行反馈。MotorMind在LIBERO-PRO基准测试中取得66.7%的成功率,在扰动情况下为53.8%,显著优于现有方法。该系统在真实的xArm6机器人上实现了95%的平均成功率,展示了通用VLM在零-shot机器人操作中的有效性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有视觉-语言-动作模型在新任务和环境中的零-shot泛化能力不足的问题。现有方法依赖于专门的训练和外部模型,限制了其灵活性和适应性。
核心思路:MotorMind的核心思路是利用通用视觉语言模型(VLM)直接进行机器人操作,通过推理观察、发出动作并适应反馈,而无需依赖外部工具或编码代理。
技术框架:MotorMind的整体架构包括中级动作表示、确定性机器人控制、异步监控和背景记忆更新等模块。该框架使得机器人能够在执行过程中实时调整策略。
关键创新:MotorMind的主要创新在于将通用VLM与机器人控制直接连接,避免了传统方法中对外部模型的依赖。这一设计使得机器人能够更像人类遥控操作员,进行灵活的任务执行。
关键设计:在设计中,MotorMind采用了异步执行机制,允许机器人在执行过程中不断更新背景记忆。此外,系统的中级动作表示经过精心设计,以确保与VLM的输出有效对接。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,MotorMind在LIBERO-PRO基准测试中取得66.7%的成功率,而在扰动情况下为53.8%。在真实的xArm6机器人上,系统实现了95%的平均成功率,显著优于以往方法的表现,展示了其在零-shot机器人操作中的有效性。
🎯 应用场景
MotorMind的研究成果在多个领域具有潜在应用价值,包括智能制造、服务机器人和家庭自动化等。通过提升机器人在复杂环境中的操作能力,该技术能够推动机器人在实际应用中的普及和发展,减少对专业知识的依赖。
📄 摘要(原文)
Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced robotic manipulation, but their zero-shot generalization in new tasks and environments remains limited, and their reliance on specialized training keeps them from benefiting directly from rapidly advancing general-purpose vision-language models (VLMs). In parallel, recent agentic robotic systems leverage VLMs for high-level reasoning or coding agents for robot control, but often depend on extensive external models and tools, introducing additional complexity and cost. This motivates us to ask: Can a general-purpose VLM itself operate a robot more like the human teleoperator by reasoning directly from observations, issuing actions, and continuously adapting to execution feedback, without relying on external models such as learned action experts, coding agents or grounding tools like SAM3? In this work, we introduce MotorMind, a robot manipulation harness that connects VLM-proposed mid-level actions to deterministic robot control and feedback, with asynchronous monitoring and background memory updates. Without task-specific policy training, coding agents, or additional grounding tools such as SAM3, MotorMind achieves 66.7% success on the base LIBERO-PRO suites and 53.8% under perturbations, compared with at most 13.3% and 19.2%, respectively, for the prior zero-shot methods we evaluate. The same interface reaches 95% average success on a real xArm6 robot across direct manipulation and human-perturbation settings. Replacing the backbone with a stronger VLM further improves performance, while the remaining failures - primarily due to visual grounding, embodied reasoning, and action knowledge - decrease as VLM capability improves. These results show that a general-purpose VLM, when equipped with an appropriate mid-level action representation and asynchronous execution harness, can perform effective zero-shot robotic manipulation.