Anticipatory Robot Goalkeeping via Monotone Optimal Stopping
作者: Hao E. Zhang, Ruize Geng, Yisen Li, Yaru Niu, Yikai Wang, Raihan Haque, Khalil Zbiss, Guanyang Luo, Hui-ping Wang, H. Eric Tseng, Ding Zhao
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2026-09-21
💡 一句话要点
提出单调最优停止方法以解决机器人守门员的预判问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: 机器人守门员 单调最优停止 动态拦截 强化学习 物理交互 决策优化 实时反应
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在快速物理交互中面临挑战,机器人需在对方意图不明确时做出反应,等待虽能获得更多信息,但拦截机会减少。
- 本文提出单调最优停止(MOS)方法,将启动运动的决策建模为最优停止问题,旨在动态环境中优化拦截时机。
- 实验结果表明,MOS显著提高了拦截成功率,平均拦截率从67.7%提升至74.4%,并在真实机器人实验中验证了快速拦截能力。
📝 摘要(中文)
在快速物理交互中,机器人常需在对方意图尚不明确时做出反应。预判守门员展示了这一挑战:等待能提供更可靠的信息,但减少了拦截机会;而提前行动则需在不确定性下启动运动。本文将何时启动运动的决策建模为政策条件的有限时域最优停止问题,并提出单调最优停止(MOS)方法,旨在动态机器人拦截中优化释放时机。MOS通过学习当前行动的回报优势而非单纯依赖置信度,提升了拦截效率。仿真结果显示,MOS将平均拦截率从67.7%提升至74.4%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文解决机器人在快速物理交互中的拦截决策问题,现有方法在不确定性下难以平衡等待与行动的时机选择。
核心思路:提出单调最优停止(MOS)方法,通过学习当前行动的回报优势来优化拦截时机,而非单纯依赖置信度或预测释放时间。
技术框架:整体架构包括一个固定的闭环保存控制器和MOS模块,MOS根据机器人状态和目标信念动态决定何时激活拦截策略。
关键创新:MOS的核心创新在于引入单调性约束,仅针对物理紧迫性进行优化,反映了随时间推移拦截机会的不可逆损失,与现有方法相比具有更高的适应性。
关键设计:MOS通过直接的贝尔曼递归计算行动与等待的边际收益,设计了适应性强的参数设置,确保在动态环境中保持拦截策略的有效性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,MOS方法在仿真中将平均拦截率从67.7%提升至74.4%,并在真实机器人实验中实现了快速拦截和方向修正,反转拦截成功率从52.1%提升至66.5%。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人足球、无人驾驶汽车的碰撞避免以及其他需要快速反应的机器人系统。MOS方法的实际价值在于提升机器人在复杂动态环境中的决策能力,未来可能推动智能机器人在体育和救援等领域的广泛应用。
📄 摘要(原文)
Robots engaged in fast physical interactions often need to act before the intent of another agent is fully known. Anticipatory goalkeeping illustrates this challenge. Waiting provides more reliable information about the target but reduces the physical opportunity for interception, whereas acting early preserves reachability but requires initiating motion under uncertainty. Given a fixed closed-loop save controller, we formulate the decision of when to initiate motion as a policy-conditional finite-horizon optimal stopping problem. Building on this formulation, we propose monotone optimal stopping (MOS), a structured release-timing method for dynamic robotic interception. The quadruped save policy is trained with reinforcement learning, while MOS determines when the policy should be activated from the evolving robot state and target belief. Rather than predicting a release time or relying on confidence alone, MOS learns the return advantage of acting now over waiting for one more observation. We derive a direct Bellman recursion for this act-versus-wait margin and impose monotonicity only with respect to physical urgency, reflecting the irreversible loss of interception opportunity as time elapses. This structure enables early activation for dynamically demanding saves while preserving closed-loop adaptation when later observations change the predicted target. Under a single-crossing condition, MOS admits a threshold release boundary with a bounded approximation error. Extensive simulation studies show that MOS improves the mean save rate from 67.7% to 74.4% over a parameter-matched learned gate and increases reversal saves from 52.1% to 66.5%. Real-robot experiments further demonstrate rapid interception and post-release direction correction under human shot-direction feints.