UniExo: Unified Multi-Skill Policies for Musculoskeletal Locomotion and Co-Adaptive Exoskeleton Control

📄 arXiv: 2609.19690v1 📥 PDF

作者: Yifei Yuan, Jakob Wolf, Ghaith Androwis, Xianlian Zhou

分类: cs.RO, cs.LG

发布日期: 2026-09-17

备注: 9 pages, 8 figures


💡 一句话要点

提出UniExo框架以解决多技能步态与外骨骼控制的统一问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 外骨骼控制 多技能学习 强化学习 步态识别 人机协作 运动适应性 智能助行器

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有外骨骼控制器通常针对单一活动设计,缺乏对多种步态及其切换的支持,导致灵活性不足。
  2. UniExo框架通过联合训练多技能人类策略与外骨骼控制策略,解决了活动切换时的控制问题。
  3. 实验结果显示,UniExo在四种技能上实现94.7%的跟踪成功率,并在多种跑步速度下有效支持用户的步态过渡。

📝 摘要(中文)

日常步态活动包含多种动作及其频繁切换,然而大多数外骨骼控制器仅针对单一活动或狭窄的相关动作设计。因此,活动变化通常需要显式的模式切换及单独调优或重新训练的控制器。本文提出UniExo框架,首先构建多技能的肌肉骨骼人类策略,然后与之联合训练外骨骼控制策略。通过强化学习对四种单技能模仿专家进行提炼,最终实现94.7%的平均跟踪成功率,并在未见片段上展现出更强的鲁棒性。该控制器在定制的髋部外骨骼上部署,能够在不同跑步速度下通用,并支持四种技能及其过渡,未使用技能标签或显式模式切换。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:现有的外骨骼控制器通常只能处理单一活动,缺乏对多种步态及其切换的适应性,导致在活动变化时需要重新调优或切换控制器。

核心思路:本文提出的UniExo框架通过构建一个多技能的肌肉骨骼人类策略,并与外骨骼控制策略联合训练,旨在实现对多种步态的统一控制。

技术框架:该框架首先提炼四种单技能的模仿专家(行走、转弯、跑步和倒退行走),然后通过强化学习对提炼后的网络进行微调,最终实现一个统一的控制策略。

关键创新:UniExo的主要创新在于通过联合训练实现了多技能的统一控制,克服了传统方法中对单一活动的依赖,提升了鲁棒性和适应性。

关键设计:在网络结构上,UniExo采用了技能潜变量的设计,并通过多智能体强化学习进行共同适应,优化了助力扭矩的时机和输出的正功率比例。具体参数设置和损失函数的设计在论文中进行了详细描述。

🖼️ 关键图片

fig_0
fig_1
fig_2

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,UniExo在未见片段上实现了94.7%的平均跟踪成功率,相较于单一技能专家展现出更强的鲁棒性。此外,该控制器在六名参与者的多种跑步速度下均能有效支持四种技能的过渡,未使用显式模式切换。

🎯 应用场景

UniExo框架具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其在康复机器人、助行器和智能外骨骼等领域。通过提供统一的控制策略,该研究能够帮助用户在多种步态活动中实现更自然的运动,提升生活质量,并在未来的智能助行设备中发挥重要作用。

📄 摘要(原文)

Daily locomotion encompasses diverse activities and frequent transitions between them, yet most exoskeleton controllers are designed for a single activity or a narrow set of related movements. Changes in activity therefore typically require explicit mode switching and separately tuned or retrained controllers. Simulation-based learning reduces the need for hardware-based tuning but generally retains this limitation. Here we present UniExo, a framework that first constructs a multi-skill musculoskeletal human policy and then jointly trains an exoskeleton control policy with it. Four single-skill imitation experts for walking, turning, running and backward walking are distilled into a single network structured by a skill latent and subsequently fine-tuned through reinforcement learning on transition sequences. The resultant unified human policy achieves a mean tracking success rate of 94.7% on unseen clips of the four skills and exhibits greater robustness to perturbations than its constituent experts. A single hip exoskeleton controller (UniExo) is initialized from hip moment prediction of the human policy and co-adapted with it through multi-agent reinforcement learning across the four skills. This co-adaptation shifts the timing of the assistance torque and raises the fraction of positive work delivered to the hip. When deployed on a custom hip exoskeleton, the controller generalizes across four treadmill speeds in six participants and assists one participant through a continuous route of all four skills and their transitions, without skill labels or explicit mode switching. UniExo thus provides a step towards replacing activity-specific controllers with unified, user-specific controllers that support diverse locomotor activities and the transitions between them.