Hybrid Rigid-Soft Robotic Gripper with Shape Adaptation, Uniform Force Distribution, and Self-Locking Capabilities
作者: Xi Chen, Yun Wang, Lichao Yang, Haitao Li, Ya Xiong
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2026-07-16
备注: Accepted to ICRA 2026
💡 一句话要点
提出混合刚性-软性机器人抓手以解决农业自动化中的抓取挑战
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 机器人抓手 农业自动化 气动执行器 3D打印 能耗降低 力分布 自锁机制
📋 核心要点
- 现有机器人抓手在农业自动化中面临适应性抓取与高负载能力之间的权衡,导致能耗高且性能不足。
- 本文提出了一种混合刚性-软性抓手,结合膜基气动执行器与3D打印的双棘爪机制,实现形状适应与自锁功能。
- 实验结果显示,该抓手的负载能力达到4200克,能耗减少50.05%,在力分布上表现优于传统抓手。
📝 摘要(中文)
传统机器人抓手在农业自动化中面临重大挑战:适应性抓取、关节间压力平衡与高负载能力之间的权衡,往往导致高能耗。本文提出了一种新型混合刚性-软性抓手,结合了低成本的膜基气动执行器与3D打印的双棘爪机制,实现了形状适应、均匀力分布和无能耗自锁。实验结果表明,该抓手的最大负载能力达到4200克,显著高于传统软抓手的45-210克;在物体尺寸上的力分布更均匀,接触力峰值保持在表面损伤阈值以下;总能耗减少50.05%,每次抓取仅需42.6焦耳。该设计有效弥合了软性顺应性与刚性可靠性之间的差距,为农业收获和操作任务提供了强大而高效的解决方案。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决传统机器人抓手在农业自动化中面临的适应性抓取、压力平衡和高负载能力之间的矛盾,现有方法往往导致高能耗和性能不足。
核心思路:提出了一种混合刚性-软性抓手,通过结合低成本的膜基气动执行器与3D打印的双棘爪机制,实现抓手的形状适应、均匀力分布和无能耗自锁,旨在提高抓取效率和降低能耗。
技术框架:该抓手的整体架构包括气动执行器、双棘爪锁定机制和控制系统。气动执行器负责提供抓取力量,双棘爪机制则确保抓手在抓取后能够自锁,避免能量消耗。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于双棘爪结构的偏移配置,显著提高了关节锁定机制的角度分辨率,使得抓手在不同物体上均能实现均匀的力分布。
关键设计:抓手的设计采用了3D打印技术,确保了低成本和易于制造,同时在气动腔体材料的选择上使用了商业可得的材料,以降低整体生产成本。实验中,抓手的最大负载能力达到4200克,能耗显著低于传统软抓手。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,该混合抓手的最大负载能力达到4200克,远超传统软抓手的45-210克;在物体尺寸上的力分布差异比传统刚性抓手显著降低,且总能耗减少50.05%,每次抓取仅需42.6焦耳,展现出优越的性能。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括农业自动化、物料搬运和机器人抓取等场景。通过提供高效、低能耗的抓取解决方案,该抓手能够在大规模农业收获和操作任务中发挥重要作用,推动农业机械化的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Conventional robotic grippers face a significant challenge in agricultural automation: the trade-off between compliant, adaptive grasping, pressure balancing among all joints, and high load capacity, often at the cost of high energy consumption. This paper presents a novel hybrid rigid-soft gripper that integrated low-cost, membrane-based pneumatic actuators with 3D-printed dual ratchet-pawl mechanisms to simultaneously achieve shape adaptation, uniform force distribution, and energy-free self-locking. The dual-ratchet structure assembled in an offset configuration significantly increased the angular resolution of the joint locking mechanism. Key experimental results demonstrated the gripper's superior performance: a remarkable maximum load capacity of 4200 g, far exceeding that of conventional soft grippers (45-210 g); more uniform force distribution across object sizes (1.75-35.29% difference ratio) compared to a rigid gripper (56.77-66.44%), with peak contact forces remaining below surface damage thresholds; and a 50.05% reduction in total energy consumption to 42.6 J per grasp cycle, achieved by eliminating the need for continuous pneumatic pressure through the self-locking mechanism, compared to 85.28 J for a conventional soft gripper. The combination of additive manufacturing for ratchets and commercially available materials for pneumatic chambers ensured a low-cost and easily fabricated design. These findings validated that the proposed gripper successfully bridged the gap between soft compliance and rigid reliability, offering a robust and efficient solution for scalable agricultural harvesting and manipulation tasks.