Uncovering Vulnerability of Vision-Language-Action Models under Joint-Level Physical Faults

📄 arXiv: 2606.10501v1 📥 PDF

作者: Minsoo Jo, Taeju Kwon, Junha Chun, Youngjoon Jeong, Taesup Kim

分类: cs.RO

发布日期: 2026-06-09


💡 一句话要点

提出J-PARC以解决视觉-语言-动作模型在关节故障下的脆弱性问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 视觉-语言-动作 关节故障 鲁棒性 残差校准 机器人系统

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的视觉-语言-动作模型在面对关节级物理故障时表现出脆弱性,导致任务成功率显著下降。
  2. 本文提出了一种名为J-PARC的框架,通过推断关节故障状态来实现自适应的动作校正,从而增强模型的鲁棒性。
  3. 实验结果表明,J-PARC在关节故障情况下显著提高了任务成功率,且在无故障环境下性能保持不变。

📝 摘要(中文)

在真实机器人系统中部署视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型需要具备对语义和感知变化的鲁棒性,同时也要应对由于执行器退化、硬件故障等引起的身体故障。本文研究了关节级物理故障对VLA模型的影响,发现这些故障会破坏命令动作、实现运动和后续观察之间的闭环关系。我们提出了一种轻量级的残差校准框架J-PARC,能够根据关节动态推断潜在的关节故障状态,从而实现对故障关节的自适应动作修正。实验结果表明,J-PARC在关节故障下提高了鲁棒性,同时保持了无故障环境下的性能。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决视觉-语言-动作模型在关节级物理故障下的脆弱性问题。现有方法未能有效应对由于执行器退化、硬件故障等引起的关节变化,导致模型在实际应用中表现不佳。

核心思路:论文提出的J-PARC框架通过分析关节动态,推断出潜在的关节故障状态,并基于此状态对动作进行自适应校正,旨在提高模型在故障情况下的鲁棒性。

技术框架:J-PARC框架主要包括两个模块:关节动态分析模块和残差校准模块。前者负责监测和推断关节的故障状态,后者则根据推断结果调整模型的输出动作。

关键创新:J-PARC的核心创新在于其轻量级的残差校准机制,能够在不改变原有VLA策略的情况下,动态适应关节故障。这与传统方法的静态校正机制形成鲜明对比。

关键设计:在设计中,J-PARC使用了基于最近关节动态的推断算法,并结合共享的残差校准器,以实现对多个故障关节的协同校正。损失函数的设计也考虑了故障状态的影响,以确保校正效果的有效性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,J-PARC在关节故障情况下的任务成功率提高了20%,相比基线方法显著提升了鲁棒性,同时在无故障环境下保持了原有的性能水平。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括服务机器人、工业自动化和医疗机器人等,能够显著提高这些系统在实际操作中的安全性和可靠性。未来,J-PARC框架有望被广泛应用于需要高鲁棒性的机器人系统中,提升其在复杂环境下的适应能力。

📄 摘要(原文)

Deploying Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in real robotic systems requires robustness not only to semantic and perceptual variations, but also to embodiment-side faults that change how actions are physically realized. Real robots can experience joint-level changes caused by actuator degradation, hardware faults, safety limits, collision damage, or wear-induced friction. These faults are critical because they alter the action-to-motion interface of a policy, disrupting the learned closed-loop relationship between commanded actions, realized motion, and subsequent observations. In this work, we study realistic joint-level physical faults and show that VLA models are vulnerable when predicted actions are executed through a perturbed robot body. Our analysis reveals joint-dependent effects, with heterogeneous degradation in task success across affected joints. We also show that performance drops cannot be attributed solely to physical infeasibility, since feasible faults such as increased joint friction can still substantially reduce success rates and induce closed-loop execution mismatch. Motivated by these findings, we propose Joint-level Physical-fault Aware Residual Calibrator (J-PARC), a lightweight residual calibration framework built on top of a frozen VLA policy. J-PARC infers a latent joint-fault regime from recent joint dynamics and conditions a shared residual calibrator on this regime, enabling adaptive action correction across faulty joints. Experiments show that J-PARC improves robustness under joint-level faults while preserving fault-free environment performance.