Reducing Discomfort in Driving Simulators: Motion Cueing for Motion Sickness Mitigation
作者: Varun Kotian, Riender Happee, Barys Shyrokau
分类: cs.RO
发布日期: 2025-10-02
备注: arXiv admin comment: This version has been removed by arXiv administrators as the submitter did not have the rights to agree to the license at the time of submission
💡 一句话要点
提出基于MPC的运动提示算法,降低驾驶模拟器中的晕动症
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 驾驶模拟器 运动提示算法 模型预测控制 晕动症 主观垂直冲突 人机环路实验
📋 核心要点
- 驾驶模拟器易引发晕动症,原因是视觉信息与体感信息不一致,现有方法难以兼顾模拟真实感和舒适性。
- 该论文提出基于模型预测控制的运动提示算法,通过优化成本函数,同时最小化感觉冲突和比力误差。
- 实验结果表明,该方法在不显著降低真实感的情况下,可将晕动症降低50%以上,优于传统自适应冲刷算法。
📝 摘要(中文)
驾驶模拟器在研发中应用日益广泛。然而,由于运动比例缩小和未经缩放的真实视觉效果,模拟器经常引起晕动症。本文提出了一种运动提示算法,该算法使用模型预测控制(MPC)来降低主观垂直冲突(SVC)模型预测的晕动症。在成本函数中同时惩罚感觉冲突和比力误差,从而使该算法能够联合优化逼真度和舒适度。进行了人机环路实验,比较了四种模拟器运动设置:两种基于MPC算法的变体,一种侧重于纯比力跟踪,另一种则兼顾比力跟踪和晕动症最小化,以及参考自适应冲刷和无运动情况。实验在一个六自由度驾驶模拟器上进行,参与者接受被动驾驶。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:驾驶模拟器中的晕动症问题,源于视觉感知到的运动与身体感受到的运动不一致。现有的运动提示算法(MCA)通常难以在保证驾驶体验的真实感(比力跟踪)和降低晕动症之间取得平衡。传统的自适应冲刷算法虽然简单,但效果有限,无法根据个体差异和驾驶场景进行优化。
核心思路:该论文的核心思路是利用模型预测控制(MPC)框架,将晕动症的预测模型(SVC模型)纳入优化目标中。通过在成本函数中同时惩罚感觉冲突和比力误差,算法能够预测未来一段时间内的最优运动轨迹,从而在保证一定程度的真实感的同时,显著降低晕动症的发生。
技术框架:整体框架包括以下几个主要模块:1) 驾驶场景输入:接收车辆的运动状态信息(如加速度、角速度);2) 晕动症预测模型(SVC模型):根据车辆运动状态预测晕动症程度;3) 模型预测控制器(MPC):根据成本函数和模拟器动力学模型,计算最优的模拟器运动轨迹;4) 运动平台:执行MPC计算出的运动轨迹。
关键创新:该论文的关键创新在于将晕动症预测模型(SVC模型)与模型预测控制(MPC)相结合,实现了一种能够主动降低晕动症的运动提示算法。与传统的基于规则或滤波器的MCA相比,该方法能够根据驾驶场景和个体差异进行自适应优化。
关键设计:成本函数的设计是关键。成本函数包含两部分:比力跟踪误差和感觉冲突。比力跟踪误差衡量模拟器运动与真实车辆运动的差异,感觉冲突则由SVC模型预测。通过调整两部分的权重,可以控制算法在真实感和舒适性之间的权衡。MPC的预测时域和控制时域需要根据模拟器的动力学特性和晕动症的动态特性进行调整。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,与传统的自适应冲刷算法相比,该论文提出的基于MPC的运动提示算法能够显著降低晕动症,且不会显著降低驾驶体验的真实感。具体而言,在平均MISC(Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire)评分中,该算法将晕动症水平从3降低到1.5,降低幅度超过50%,同时保持了与自适应冲刷算法相近的真实感评分。无运动条件虽然晕动症最低,但真实感评分也最低。
🎯 应用场景
该研究成果可应用于各种驾驶模拟器,包括汽车、飞机和船舶等。通过降低晕动症,可以提高驾驶模拟器的用户体验和训练效果,使其更广泛地应用于驾驶员培训、车辆研发和人机工程学研究等领域。此外,该方法也可推广到其他类型的运动模拟器,如飞行模拟器和VR/AR环境。
📄 摘要(原文)
Driving simulators are increasingly used in research and development. However, simulators often cause motion sickness due to downscaled motion and unscaled veridical visuals. In this paper, a motion cueing algorithm is proposed that reduces motion sickness as predicted by the subjective vertical conflict (SVC) model using model predictive control (MPC). Both sensory conflict and specific force errors are penalised in the cost function, allowing the algorithm to jointly optimise fidelity and comfort. Human-in-the-loop experiments were conducted to compare four simulator motion settings: two variations of our MPC-based algorithm, one focused on pure specific force tracking and the second compromising specific force tracking and motion sickness minimisation, as well as reference adaptive washout and no motion cases. The experiments were performed on a hexapod driving simulator with participants exposed to passive driving. Experimental motion sickness results closely matched the sickness model predictions. As predicted by the model, the no motion condition yielded the lowest sickness levels. However, it was rated lowest in terms of fidelity. The compromise solution reduced sickness by over 50% (average MISC level 3 to 1.5) compared to adaptive washout and the algorithm focusing on specific force tracking, without any significant reduction in fidelity rating. The proposed approach for developing MCA that takes into account both the simulator dynamics and time evolution of motion sickness offers a significant advancement in achieving an optimal control of motion sickness and specific force recreation in driving simulators, supporting broader simulator use.