Robust Instant Policy: Leveraging Student's t-Regression Model for Robust In-context Imitation Learning of Robot Manipulation

📄 arXiv: 2506.15157v1 📥 PDF

作者: Hanbit Oh, Andrea M. Salcedo-Vázquez, Ixchel G. Ramirez-Alpizar, Yukiyasu Domae

分类: cs.RO, cs.CV

发布日期: 2025-06-18

备注: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2025 accepted


💡 一句话要点

提出鲁棒即时策略以解决机器人模仿学习中的幻觉问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control) 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 模仿学习 机器人 学生t回归 鲁棒性 上下文学习 轨迹生成 幻觉问题

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的上下文模仿学习方法在机器人领域面临幻觉问题,导致生成的轨迹不可靠。
  2. 本文提出的鲁棒即时策略(RIP)利用学生t回归模型,增强了对幻觉轨迹的鲁棒性,从而提高了轨迹生成的可靠性。
  3. 实验结果显示,RIP在任务成功率上至少提高了26%,尤其在低数据场景下的日常任务中表现优异。

📝 摘要(中文)

模仿学习(IL)旨在通过观察少量人类示范使机器人自主执行任务。近期的IL变体——上下文IL,利用现成的大型语言模型(LLMs)作为即时策略,从少量示范中理解上下文以执行新任务。然而,其在机器人领域的可靠性受到幻觉问题的影响,即LLM生成的即时策略偶尔会产生偏离示范的劣质轨迹。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种新的鲁棒上下文模仿学习算法——鲁棒即时策略(RIP),该算法利用学生t回归模型对即时策略的幻觉轨迹具有鲁棒性,从而实现可靠的轨迹生成。实验结果表明,RIP在模拟和真实环境中均显著优于现有IL方法,任务成功率至少提高26%,特别是在低数据场景下的日常任务中表现突出。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决上下文模仿学习中因幻觉问题导致的轨迹生成不可靠的问题。现有方法依赖于大型语言模型(LLMs)生成轨迹,常常出现偏离示范的情况,影响机器人执行任务的能力。

核心思路:鲁棒即时策略(RIP)通过引入学生t回归模型,增强了对幻觉轨迹的鲁棒性。该模型能够有效地忽略异常值,从而生成更可靠的轨迹。

技术框架:RIP的整体架构包括多个模块,首先从LLM生成候选轨迹,然后利用学生t分布对这些轨迹进行聚合,最终输出鲁棒的轨迹。该流程确保了生成轨迹的可靠性和准确性。

关键创新:RIP的核心创新在于使用学生t回归模型来处理幻觉轨迹,这一方法与传统的轨迹生成方法本质上不同,能够有效地过滤掉不可靠的轨迹。

关键设计:在模型设计中,RIP设置了特定的参数以优化学生t回归模型的性能,并采用了适当的损失函数来平衡生成轨迹的准确性和鲁棒性。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,鲁棒即时策略(RIP)在任务成功率上较现有最先进的IL方法提高了至少26%。尤其在低数据场景下,RIP的表现显著优于对比基线,验证了其在日常任务中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括工业机器人、服务机器人和家庭自动化等。通过提高机器人在复杂环境中的自主学习能力,RIP能够显著提升机器人在实际任务中的表现,具有广泛的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Imitation learning (IL) aims to enable robots to perform tasks autonomously by observing a few human demonstrations. Recently, a variant of IL, called In-Context IL, utilized off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs) as instant policies that understand the context from a few given demonstrations to perform a new task, rather than explicitly updating network models with large-scale demonstrations. However, its reliability in the robotics domain is undermined by hallucination issues such as LLM-based instant policy, which occasionally generates poor trajectories that deviate from the given demonstrations. To alleviate this problem, we propose a new robust in-context imitation learning algorithm called the robust instant policy (RIP), which utilizes a Student's t-regression model to be robust against the hallucinated trajectories of instant policies to allow reliable trajectory generation. Specifically, RIP generates several candidate robot trajectories to complete a given task from an LLM and aggregates them using the Student's t-distribution, which is beneficial for ignoring outliers (i.e., hallucinations); thereby, a robust trajectory against hallucinations is generated. Our experiments, conducted in both simulated and real-world environments, show that RIP significantly outperforms state-of-the-art IL methods, with at least $26\%$ improvement in task success rates, particularly in low-data scenarios for everyday tasks. Video results available at https://sites.google.com/view/robustinstantpolicy.