Versatile Navigation under Partial Observability via Value-guided Diffusion Policy

📄 arXiv: 2404.02176v1 📥 PDF

作者: Gengyu Zhang, Hao Tang, Yan Yan

分类: cs.RO, cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-04-01

备注: 13 pages, 7 figures, CVPR 2024


💡 一句话要点

提出基于价值引导的扩散策略以解决部分可观测下的导航问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 部分可观测性 扩散策略 路线规划 价值引导 机器人导航 自动驾驶 3D环境 语义分割

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的导航方法在部分可观测环境中存在短视性和适应性不足的问题,导致规划失败。
  2. 本文提出了一种价值引导的扩散策略,能够在2D和3D环境中有效进行路线规划,增强了前瞻性和灵活性。
  3. 实验结果显示,本文方法在多种导航场景中表现优于现有最先进的自回归和扩散基线,成功率显著提升。

📝 摘要(中文)

在现代机器人和自动驾驶中,部分可观测下的导航路线规划至关重要。现有方法主要分为传统自回归和基于扩散的两类,前者因短视性常常失败,后者则在适应不熟悉场景时面临挑战。为了解决这些不足,本文提出了一种适用于2D和3D环境的多功能扩散方法。具体而言,价值引导的扩散策略首先生成计划以预测不同时刻的动作,提供充分的前瞻性。然后,通过可微分的规划器和状态估计来推导价值函数,指导智能体的探索和目标寻求行为。实验结果表明,本文方法在超越专家演示的导航场景中表现优越,超越了现有的自回归和扩散基线。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决部分可观测环境下的导航路线规划问题。现有方法往往因短视性和对专家行为的强依赖而无法有效应对不熟悉的场景。

核心思路:提出了一种价值引导的扩散策略,通过生成多时间步的计划来增强规划的前瞻性,避免了对专家示范的依赖,同时明确应对部分可观测性。

技术框架:整体架构包括两个主要模块:首先是生成计划的扩散策略,其次是可微分的规划器,后者结合状态估计来推导价值函数,指导智能体的行为。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于将扩散策略与价值引导相结合,显著提高了在部分可观测环境中的导航能力,与传统方法相比,减少了对专家示范的依赖。

关键设计:在技术细节上,采用了基于RGB-D输入的点云投影技术,将其映射到2D网格鸟瞰图上,通过语义分割实现2D到3D的零样本迁移,简化了3D策略的训练过程。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,本文方法在多种导航场景中表现优越,特别是在超越专家演示的情况下,成功率显著提高,超越了现有自回归和扩散基线,展示了在2D和3D环境中的广泛适用性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人导航、自动驾驶汽车以及无人机等自主系统。通过提升在复杂环境中的导航能力,能够显著提高这些系统的自主性和安全性,推动智能交通和智能城市的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Route planning for navigation under partial observability plays a crucial role in modern robotics and autonomous driving. Existing route planning approaches can be categorized into two main classes: traditional autoregressive and diffusion-based methods. The former often fails due to its myopic nature, while the latter either assumes full observability or struggles to adapt to unfamiliar scenarios, due to strong couplings with behavior cloning from experts. To address these deficiencies, we propose a versatile diffusion-based approach for both 2D and 3D route planning under partial observability. Specifically, our value-guided diffusion policy first generates plans to predict actions across various timesteps, providing ample foresight to the planning. It then employs a differentiable planner with state estimations to derive a value function, directing the agent's exploration and goal-seeking behaviors without seeking experts while explicitly addressing partial observability. During inference, our policy is further enhanced by a best-plan-selection strategy, substantially boosting the planning success rate. Moreover, we propose projecting point clouds, derived from RGB-D inputs, onto 2D grid-based bird-eye-view maps via semantic segmentation, generalizing to 3D environments. This simple yet effective adaption enables zero-shot transfer from 2D-trained policy to 3D, cutting across the laborious training for 3D policy, and thus certifying our versatility. Experimental results demonstrate our superior performance, particularly in navigating situations beyond expert demonstrations, surpassing state-of-the-art autoregressive and diffusion-based baselines for both 2D and 3D scenarios.