FPGA-Accelerated Correspondence-free Point Cloud Registration with PointNet Features
作者: Keisuke Sugiura, Hiroki Matsutani
分类: cs.RO, cs.AR
发布日期: 2024-04-01
备注: 27 pages, 19 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出FPGA加速的无对应点云配准方法以解决边缘设备计算瓶颈问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics) 支柱六:视频提取与匹配 (Video Extraction)
关键词: 点云配准 FPGA加速 深度学习 嵌入式系统 实时性能 特征提取 能效比
📋 核心要点
- 现有的深度学习方法在点云配准中计算成本高且能耗大,难以在边缘设备上应用。
- 本文提出了一种基于FPGA的无对应点云配准方法,通过并行和流水线的PointNet特征提取器实现加速。
- 实验结果显示,该方法在运行速度上比ARM Cortex-A53 CPU快44.08-45.75倍,能耗低于1W,具有优越的能效比。
📝 摘要(中文)
点云配准是视觉和机器人应用的基础,涉及3D重建和地图构建。尽管深度学习方法在结果质量上有显著提升,但其计算成本高且能耗大,难以在资源受限的边缘设备上部署。为此,本文提出了一种快速、准确且稳健的低成本嵌入式FPGA配准方法。基于并行和流水线的PointNet特征提取器,开发了PointLKCore和ReAgentCore两个自定义加速器核心,避免了代价高昂的特征匹配步骤。实验结果表明,该方法在运行时间和配准质量之间实现了显著的权衡,且能耗低,具有实时性能。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决点云配准中计算成本高和能耗大的问题,现有深度学习方法难以在资源受限的边缘设备上有效部署。
核心思路:提出了一种基于FPGA的无对应点云配准方法,利用并行和流水线的PointNet特征提取器,避免了特征匹配的高计算开销。
技术框架:整体架构包括特征提取模块和加速器核心,特征提取模块使用PointNet提取点云特征,加速器核心则实现了快速的配准计算。
关键创新:最重要的创新是开发了PointLKCore和ReAgentCore两个自定义加速器核心,这些核心在计算效率和能耗方面优于传统方法,且具有更强的鲁棒性。
关键设计:在设计中,采用了高效的特征提取算法,优化了加速器的硬件架构,确保在低功耗下实现高性能的点云配准。具体参数设置和损失函数的选择在实验中进行了详细验证。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,所提出的FPGA加速器在运行速度上比ARM Cortex-A53 CPU快44.08-45.75倍,相较于Intel Xeon CPU和Nvidia Jetson板卡也有1.98-11.13倍的加速,同时能耗低于1W,能效比达到163.11-213.58倍,展现了优越的实时性能和鲁棒性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人导航、自动驾驶、增强现实和3D重建等。通过在边缘设备上实现高效的点云配准,能够推动这些技术的普及和应用,提升智能设备的自主决策能力和环境感知能力。
📄 摘要(原文)
Point cloud registration serves as a basis for vision and robotic applications including 3D reconstruction and mapping. Despite significant improvements on the quality of results, recent deep learning approaches are computationally expensive and power-hungry, making them difficult to deploy on resource-constrained edge devices. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose a fast, accurate, and robust registration for low-cost embedded FPGAs. Based on a parallel and pipelined PointNet feature extractor, we develop custom accelerator cores namely PointLKCore and ReAgentCore, for two different learning-based methods. They are both correspondence-free and computationally efficient as they avoid the costly feature matching step involving nearest-neighbor search. The proposed cores are implemented on the Xilinx ZCU104 board and evaluated using both synthetic and real-world datasets, showing the substantial improvements in the trade-offs between runtime and registration quality. They run 44.08-45.75x faster than ARM Cortex-A53 CPU and offer 1.98-11.13x speedups over Intel Xeon CPU and Nvidia Jetson boards, while consuming less than 1W and achieving 163.11-213.58x energy-efficiency compared to Nvidia GeForce GPU. The proposed cores are more robust to noise and large initial misalignments than the classical methods and quickly find reasonable solutions in less than 15ms, demonstrating the real-time performance.