Learning visual-based deformable object rearrangement with local graph neural networks
作者: Yuhong Deng, Xueqian Wang, Lipeng chen
分类: cs.RO, cs.AI
发布日期: 2023-10-16
期刊: Complex & Intelligent Systems, 2023: 1-14
💡 一句话要点
提出局部图神经网络以解决可变形物体重排问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)
关键词: 可变形物体 图神经网络 机器人操控 动态建模 多任务学习 关键点检测 智能机器人
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在处理可变形物体的高维配置空间时,面临复杂性和不确定性带来的挑战。
- 本文提出了一种基于关键点的表示策略和局部图神经网络,以有效建模可变形物体的状态和动态。
- 实验结果显示,所提方法在模拟实验中成功率显著提高,并且在多任务学习场景中表现良好。
📝 摘要(中文)
可变形物体的目标导向重排(如拉直绳子和折叠布料)是机器人操作中的常见任务,面临着可变形配置空间的高维性及其动态的复杂性和不确定性。为了解决这些挑战,本文提出了一种新颖的表示策略,通过关键点及其相互作用有效建模可变形物体状态。同时,提出了局部图神经网络(GNN),该网络通过构建和更新两个动态图来联合建模可变形重排动态并推断最佳操作动作。实验结果表明,所提方法在多种可变形重排任务中成功率达到96.3%,且推理时间比现有方法缩短60%。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决可变形物体的目标导向重排问题,现有方法在高维配置空间和动态复杂性方面存在不足,难以有效推断操作动作。
核心思路:通过引入关键点及其相互作用的表示策略,结合局部图神经网络,能够高效建模可变形物体的状态和动态,进而推断最佳操作。
技术框架:整体架构包括关键点检测、动态图构建与更新、以及操作动作推断三个主要模块。局部GNN负责处理图结构数据,学习物体状态变化。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于提出了局部图神经网络,能够在轻量级的情况下有效建模可变形物体的动态,与现有方法相比,显著提高了表达能力和推理效率。
关键设计:在网络设计中,采用了特定的损失函数以优化关键点检测和动态图的构建,同时确保推理过程的高效性,最终实现了60%的推理时间缩短。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,所提方法在多种可变形重排任务中成功率达到96.3%,显著高于现有最先进方法。同时,推理时间比现有方法缩短60%,显示出更高的效率和实用性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人操控、智能家居、以及自动化生产线等场景,能够有效提升机器人在处理可变形物体时的灵活性和效率。未来,该方法有望在更多实际应用中推广,推动智能机器人技术的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Goal-conditioned rearrangement of deformable objects (e.g. straightening a rope and folding a cloth) is one of the most common deformable manipulation tasks, where the robot needs to rearrange a deformable object into a prescribed goal configuration with only visual observations. These tasks are typically confronted with two main challenges: the high dimensionality of deformable configuration space and the underlying complexity, nonlinearity and uncertainty inherent in deformable dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose a novel representation strategy that can efficiently model the deformable object states with a set of keypoints and their interactions. We further propose local-graph neural network (GNN), a light local GNN learning to jointly model the deformable rearrangement dynamics and infer the optimal manipulation actions (e.g. pick and place) by constructing and updating two dynamic graphs. Both simulated and real experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed dynamic graph representation shows superior expressiveness in modeling deformable rearrangement dynamics. Our method reaches much higher success rates on a variety of deformable rearrangement tasks (96.3% on average) than state-of-the-art method in simulation experiments. Besides, our method is much more lighter and has a 60% shorter inference time than state-of-the-art methods. We also demonstrate that our method performs well in the multi-task learning scenario and can be transferred to real-world applications with an average success rate of 95% by solely fine tuning a keypoint detector.