RETRO: Reactive Trajectory Optimization for Real-Time Robot Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments

📄 arXiv: 2310.01738v1 📥 PDF

作者: Apan Dastider, Hao Fang, Mingjie Lin

分类: cs.RO

发布日期: 2023-10-03

备注: Under review in IEEE ICRA 2024


💡 一句话要点

提出RETRO以解决动态环境下机器人运动规划问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱一:机器人控制 (Robot Control)

关键词: 机器人运动规划 轨迹优化 动态环境 自适应优化 实时控制 高效算法

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的机器人运动规划方法多集中于静态目标,难以应对动态环境中的变化和不确定性。
  2. RETRO框架通过自适应优化技术,结合空间和时间维度,提供了一种高效的反应式轨迹优化解决方案。
  3. 实验结果显示,RETRO在实时控制下能够生成平滑的机器人轨迹,且在计算复杂度上有显著提升。

📝 摘要(中文)

反应式轨迹优化在机器人领域面临重大挑战,要求在复杂和快速变化的动态环境中快速生成有效的机器人运动。现有研究多集中于预定义目标的运动规划,而动态轨迹优化问题则涉及不断变化的目标和随机运动动态。为此,本文提出了一种新颖的轨迹优化框架RETRO,采用跨空间和时间维度的自适应优化技术,显著降低了计算复杂度至$O(T^{2.4}) + O(Tn^{2})$,相比传统的DDP方法有显著提升。通过对后悔界限的全面分析,验证了RETRO在实时控制下的有效性,并通过广泛的仿真和实际机器人实验验证了其在闭环操作场景中的表现。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决动态环境中机器人运动规划的反应式轨迹优化问题。现有方法在处理高维轨迹表示和时间优化方面存在效率低下的问题。

核心思路:RETRO框架通过自适应优化技术,结合空间和时间维度,能够快速生成有效的机器人运动轨迹,适应动态变化的目标和环境。

技术框架:RETRO的整体架构包括轨迹生成模块、优化模块和实时控制模块。轨迹生成模块负责初步轨迹的生成,优化模块则进行自适应优化,实时控制模块确保机器人能够在动态环境中执行任务。

关键创新:RETRO的主要创新在于其计算复杂度的显著降低,达到$O(T^{2.4}) + O(Tn^{2})$,相比传统方法的$O(n^{4})$有了质的飞跃,能够更好地适应动态环境。

关键设计:RETRO在参数设置上采用了合理的时间步长,并设计了适应性损失函数,以确保优化过程的高效性和稳定性。

🖼️ 关键图片

fig_0
fig_1
fig_2

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,RETRO在闭环操作场景中表现优异,生成的轨迹在误差控制上优于传统方法,且在计算效率上提升显著,能够满足实时控制的需求。

🎯 应用场景

RETRO框架具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其在工业自动化、服务机器人和无人驾驶等领域。其能够实时应对动态环境中的变化,提升机器人在复杂任务中的灵活性和适应性,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Reactive trajectory optimization for robotics presents formidable challenges, demanding the rapid generation of purposeful robot motion in complex and swiftly changing dynamic environments. While much existing research predominantly addresses robotic motion planning with predefined objectives, emerging problems in robotic trajectory optimization frequently involve dynamically evolving objectives and stochastic motion dynamics. However, effectively addressing such reactive trajectory optimization challenges for robot manipulators proves difficult due to inefficient, high-dimensional trajectory representations and a lack of consideration for time optimization. In response, we introduce a novel trajectory optimization framework called RETRO. RETRO employs adaptive optimization techniques that span both spatial and temporal dimensions. As a result, it achieves a remarkable computing complexity of $O(T^{2.4}) + O(Tn^{2})$, a significant improvement over the traditional application of DDP, which leads to a complexity of $O(n^{4})$ when reasonable time step sizes are used. To evaluate RETRO's performance in terms of error, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of its regret bounds, comparing it to an Oracle value function obtained through an Oracle trajectory optimization algorithm. Our analytical findings demonstrate that RETRO's total regret can be upper-bounded by a function of the chosen time step size. Moreover, our approach delivers smoothly optimized robot trajectories within the joint space, offering flexibility and adaptability for various tasks. It can seamlessly integrate task-specific requirements such as collision avoidance while maintaining real-time control rates. We validate the effectiveness of our framework through extensive simulations and real-world robot experiments in closed-loop manipulation scenarios.