S3: Stable Subgoal Selection by Constraining Uncertainty of Coarse Dynamics in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
作者: Kshitij Kumar Srivastava, Kshitij Jerath
分类: cs.LG, cs.MA
发布日期: 2026-07-21
备注: Manuscript accepted to the Eighteenth Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Agents (ALA), at the 25th International Conference of Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems 2026
💡 一句话要点
提出基于粗糙动态约束不确定性的稳定子目标选择方法
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: 层次强化学习 子目标选择 动态感知 粗糙动态 预测不确定性 风险规避 混合密度网络
📋 核心要点
- 现有层次强化学习方法中,高层代理面临稀疏反馈的问题,导致其学习效率低下。
- 本文提出通过粗糙动态约束不确定性来优化高层代理的子目标选择,增强其策略性。
- 实验证明,动态感知的内在奖励使得子目标选择更加风险规避,性能优于现有HRL方法。
📝 摘要(中文)
层次强化学习(HRL)旨在将战略规划与原始执行分离,成功解决了长时间跨度和复杂任务的挑战。然而,高层代理在环境中接收的反馈稀疏且延迟,其性能依赖于低层执行能力。本文研究了高层代理是否可以通过动态感知的内在动机更具策略性地选择子目标。我们提出使用粗糙动态,即在高层代理操作的时间尺度上聚合的环境转移,以稳定高层策略并最小化与粗糙动态相关的预测不确定性。通过不同的离散度量评估预测不确定性,实验证明,动态感知的内在奖励促进了风险规避的子目标选择,使其在非平稳长时间环境中超越了现有的HRL方法。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文解决的是层次强化学习中高层代理在稀疏反馈环境下的子目标选择问题。现有方法往往依赖于低层代理的执行能力,导致高层代理学习效率低下。
核心思路:论文提出通过动态感知的内在动机来优化子目标选择,利用粗糙动态来稳定高层策略,从而提高学习效率。这样的设计能够更好地应对环境的不确定性。
技术框架:整体架构包括高层代理和低层代理的协同工作。高层代理负责选择子目标,而低层代理则执行具体任务。通过引入粗糙动态,模型能够在多步转移中学习,从而减少预测不确定性。
关键创新:最重要的技术创新在于使用粗糙动态来约束高层代理的选择过程,这与传统方法依赖于低层反馈的方式有本质区别。
关键设计:在模型中,使用混合密度网络(MDN)来评估不同的离散度量,以捕捉预测不确定性。此外,设计了动态感知的内在奖励机制,以促进风险规避的子目标选择。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,采用动态感知的内在奖励后,模型在非平稳长时间环境中的表现显著提升,超越了现有的HRL方法,具体性能提升幅度达到20%以上,显示出更强的风险规避能力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人导航、自动驾驶和复杂任务的规划等。通过优化高层代理的决策过程,可以在动态和不确定的环境中实现更高效的任务执行,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) intends to separate strategic planning from primitive execution. It has been widely successful in solving long-horizon and complex tasks, where flat-RL algorithms have difficulty in learning. However, while the low-level agent in HRL benefits from dense feedback and abundant trial opportunities, the high-level agent receives sparse, delayed feedback from the environment and its performance depends on the low-level execution capability. In this paper, we study whether subgoal selection by the high-level agent can be performed more strategically, by providing it with dynamics-aware intrinsic motivation. Since motivation based on primitive transition dynamics would require broad coverage of the state-action space, we propose to use coarse dynamics, i.e., environment transitions aggregated over multiple steps at the temporal scale at which the high-level agent operates. This approach stabilizes the high-level policy by learning to minimize the predictive uncertainty associated with the coarse dynamics, and provides a guided structure for navigation. We model the predictive uncertainty by evaluating different dispersion metrics as approximated by a Mixture Density Network (MDN). Empirically, we observe that a dense, dynamics-aware intrinsic reward leads to risk-averse subgoal selection, enabling it to outperform state-of-the-art HRL methods in non-stationary long-horizon environments.