BugGen: A Self-Correcting Multi-Agent LLM Pipeline for Realistic RTL Bug Synthesis
作者: Surya Jasper, Minh Luu, Evan Pan, Aakash Tyagi, Michael Quinn, Jiang Hu, David Kebo Houngninou
分类: cs.SE, cs.LG
发布日期: 2025-06-12 (更新: 2025-06-18)
💡 一句话要点
提出BugGen以解决RTL调试效率低下的问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 硬件验证 机器学习 功能错误生成 自动化调试 多代理系统
📋 核心要点
- 现有的手动或自动错误插入方法无法可靠地产生多样化和可扩展的错误数据集,影响调试效率。
- BugGen是一个多代理管道,利用大型语言模型自动生成、插入和验证RTL中的功能错误,确保语法正确性和功能可检测性。
- 在五个OpenTitan IP模块的评估中,BugGen实现了94%的功能准确率,并且每小时验证速度超过17个错误,显著提升了调试效率。
📝 摘要(中文)
硬件复杂性持续增加,导致验证资源紧张,促使采用机器学习方法提高调试效率。然而,现有的手动或自动插入错误的方法无法可靠地产生多样化和可扩展的错误数据集。本文提出了BugGen,这是一个首创的完全自主的多代理管道,利用大型语言模型系统地生成、插入和验证RTL中的现实功能错误。BugGen在五个OpenTitan IP模块上进行了评估,产生了500个独特的错误,功能准确率达到94%,每小时验证17.7个错误,速度超过传统手动插入的五倍。此外,BugGen还在OpenTitan回归测试中识别了104个先前未检测到的错误,展示了其在揭示验证覆盖缺口方面的实用性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有调试方法在生成多样化和可扩展的错误数据集方面的不足,导致调试效率低下的问题。
核心思路:BugGen通过一个完全自主的多代理管道,利用大型语言模型系统地生成和验证RTL中的功能错误,确保生成的错误具有现实性和可检测性。
技术框架:BugGen的整体架构包括模块划分、选择变异目标的闭环代理架构,以及迭代优化和回滚机制,确保生成的错误在语法和功能上都是有效的。
关键创新:BugGen的创新在于其完全自主的多代理系统,能够高效生成和验证功能错误,且在语法准确性和功能复杂性上超越了现有方法。
关键设计:在BugGen中,采用了迭代优化策略和回滚机制,确保生成的错误不仅语法正确,还能被有效检测,此外,系统设计中还考虑了模块的划分和变异目标的选择。
📊 实验亮点
BugGen在五个OpenTitan IP模块上产生了500个独特的错误,功能准确率达到94%,每小时验证17.7个错误,速度超过传统手动插入的五倍。此外,BugGen还发现了104个先前未检测到的错误,显示出其在验证覆盖方面的优势。
🎯 应用场景
BugGen的研究成果在硬件验证和调试领域具有广泛的应用潜力,能够为设计团队提供高质量的错误数据集,显著提升验证效率。未来,该方法还可扩展到其他领域,如软件测试和系统验证,推动自动化测试技术的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Hardware complexity continues to strain verification resources, motivating the adoption of machine learning (ML) methods to improve debug efficiency. However, ML-assisted debugging critically depends on diverse and scalable bug datasets, which existing manual or automated bug insertion methods fail to reliably produce. We introduce BugGen, a first of its kind, fully autonomous, multi-agent pipeline leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to systematically generate, insert, and validate realistic functional bugs in RTL. BugGen partitions modules, selects mutation targets via a closed-loop agentic architecture, and employs iterative refinement and rollback mechanisms to ensure syntactic correctness and functional detectability. Evaluated across five OpenTitan IP blocks, BugGen produced 500 unique bugs with 94% functional accuracy and achieved a throughput of 17.7 validated bugs per hour-over five times faster than typical manual expert insertion. Additionally, BugGen identified 104 previously undetected bugs in OpenTitan regressions, highlighting its utility in exposing verification coverage gaps. Compared against Certitude, BugGen demonstrated over twice the syntactic accuracy, deeper exposure of testbench blind spots, and more functionally meaningful and complex bug scenarios. Furthermore, when these BugGen-generated datasets were employed to train ML-based failure triage models, we achieved high classification accuracy (88.1%-93.2%) across different IP blocks, confirming the practical utility and realism of generated bugs. BugGen thus provides a scalable solution for generating high-quality bug datasets, significantly enhancing verification efficiency and ML-assisted debugging.