It Takes a Good Model to Train a Good Model: Generalized Gaussian Priors for Optimized LLMs
作者: Jun Wu, Yirong Xiong, Jiangtao Wen, Yuxing Han
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI, stat.ML
发布日期: 2025-05-31 (更新: 2025-06-04)
🔗 代码/项目: HUGGINGFACE
💡 一句话要点
提出基于广义高斯先验的优化框架以提升大语言模型训练效率
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 大语言模型 广义高斯分布 模型压缩 训练优化 后训练正则化 硬件高效 推理速度 统计建模
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法对大语言模型参数的统计分布关注不足,影响初始化和训练效率。
- 提出基于广义高斯分布的初始化和正则化方法,优化模型训练过程。
- 实验结果显示,所提框架在多种模型架构下均能显著提升模型压缩率和推理速度。
📝 摘要(中文)
尽管大语言模型(LLMs)研究和应用迅速发展,但模型参数的统计分布及其对初始化、训练动态和下游效率的影响却鲜有关注。近期研究提出了BackSlash训练时压缩算法,首次表明预训练LLM参数更符合广义高斯分布(GGDs)。通过在训练过程中优化GG先验,BackSlash能够在性能损失最小的情况下减少多达90%的参数。基于这一基础洞察,本文提出了一个统一的端到端LLM优化框架,主要贡献包括:1)基于GG的初始化方案,提升收敛速度和准确性;2)DeepShape后训练正则化方法,重塑权重分布以匹配GG轮廓,改善压缩性;3)RF8,一种紧凑且硬件高效的8位浮点格式,支持GG分布初始化的BackSlash训练,降低推理成本而不影响准确性。实验表明,该框架在多种模型架构下均能产生更小更快的模型,且性能与标准训练基线相当或更优。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大语言模型训练中对参数统计分布关注不足的问题,现有方法在初始化和训练动态上存在效率低下的痛点。
核心思路:通过引入广义高斯分布(GGD)作为模型参数的先验,优化初始化和训练过程,以实现更快的收敛和更高的准确性。
技术框架:整体框架包括三个主要模块:1)GG初始化方案,2)DeepShape后训练正则化,3)RF8硬件高效格式。每个模块相互配合,形成一个完整的优化流程。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于将GG先验应用于模型训练,显著提高了模型的压缩性和推理效率,与传统方法相比,能够在保持性能的同时大幅减少参数量。
关键设计:在初始化阶段,采用与训练模型统计结构一致的GG分布;DeepShape通过调整权重分布来匹配GG轮廓;RF8格式则优化了存储和计算效率,确保低成本推理。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,所提出的框架在多种模型架构下均能实现参数减少高达90%,同时保持与标准训练基线相当或更优的性能。这一成果展示了在压缩性和推理速度上的显著提升,为大语言模型的高效应用奠定了基础。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括自然语言处理、对话系统和智能助手等。通过优化大语言模型的训练过程,可以显著降低计算资源消耗,提高模型在实际应用中的效率和响应速度,推动更智能的AI系统发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Despite rapid advancements in the research and deployment of large language models (LLMs), the statistical distribution of model parameters, as well as their influence on initialization, training dynamics, and downstream efficiency, has received surprisingly little attention. A recent work introduced BackSlash, a training-time compression algorithm. It first demonstrated that pre-trained LLM parameters follow generalized Gaussian distributions (GGDs) better. By optimizing GG priors during training, BackSlash can reduce parameters by up to 90\% with minimal performance loss. Building on this foundational insight, we propose a unified, end-to-end framework for LLM optimization based on the GG model. Our contributions are threefold: (1) GG-based initialization scheme that aligns with the statistical structure of trained models, resulting in faster convergence and improved accuracy; (2) DeepShape, a post-training regularization method that reshapes weight distributions to match a GG profile, improving compressibility with minimized degradation in performance; and (3) RF8, a compact and hardware-efficient 8-bit floating-point format designed for GG-distributed-initialized BackSlash training, enabling low-cost inference without compromising accuracy. Experiments across diverse model architectures show that our framework consistently yields smaller and faster models that match or outperform standard training baselines. By grounding LLM development in principled statistical modeling, this work forges a new path toward efficient, scalable, and hardware-aware AI systems. The code is available on our project page: https://huggingface.co/spaces/shifeng3711/gg_prior.