The Role of Environment Access in Agnostic Reinforcement Learning

📄 arXiv: 2504.05405v1 📥 PDF

作者: Akshay Krishnamurthy, Gene Li, Ayush Sekhari

分类: cs.LG, cs.AI, stat.ML

发布日期: 2025-04-07

备注: comments welcome


💡 一句话要点

提出无环境假设强化学习方法以解决样本效率问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 无环境假设 强化学习 样本效率 策略学习 块MDP 局部模拟器 重置分布

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的强化学习方法在大状态空间中面临样本效率低下的问题,尤其是在无环境假设的情况下。
  2. 论文提出了一种新算法,通过构建策略仿真器来解决无环境假设策略学习的统计不可处理性。
  3. 研究表明,在块MDP中结合重置模型的访问,能够实现统计上可处理的无环境假设策略学习。

📝 摘要(中文)

本研究探讨了在大状态空间环境中进行强化学习(RL)时,函数逼近的必要性。我们关注最弱的函数逼近形式,即无环境假设策略学习,学习者试图在给定的策略类中找到最佳策略,但不保证该策略类包含最优策略。尽管已知在标准在线RL设置中,样本高效的无环境假设策略学习是不可能的,但我们研究了通过更强的环境访问形式来克服这一限制的可能性。具体而言,我们展示了在局部模拟器和具有良好覆盖特性的重置分布下,无环境假设策略学习仍然在统计上不可处理。然而,对于块MDP,结合上述重置模型的访问,统计上是可处理的。我们通过新算法构建了一个策略仿真器,近似所有策略的价值函数。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本论文旨在解决在大状态空间中进行无环境假设强化学习时的样本效率问题。现有方法在标准在线RL设置下无法实现样本高效的无环境假设策略学习。

核心思路:论文的核心思路是通过增强环境访问形式,探索无环境假设策略学习的可行性,尤其是在块MDP中。设计上,利用局部模拟器和重置分布来提高学习效率。

技术框架:整体架构包括对环境的访问模型、策略仿真器的构建和策略学习过程。主要模块包括局部模拟器、重置分布和策略仿真器的设计与实现。

关键创新:最重要的技术创新在于提出了一种新的策略仿真器,能够在没有显式价值函数类的情况下近似所有策略的价值函数。这与现有方法的本质区别在于不依赖于完整的策略类。

关键设计:关键设计包括对局部模拟器的使用、重置分布的选择,以及策略仿真器的状态空间构建,确保其能够有效近似所有策略的价值函数。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,在块MDP中结合重置模型的访问,能够实现统计上可处理的无环境假设策略学习。相较于传统方法,新的策略仿真器在样本效率上有显著提升,具体性能数据尚未提供。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人控制、游戏AI和自动驾驶等需要高效学习策略的场景。通过提高无环境假设策略学习的样本效率,能够在复杂环境中实现更快速的适应和决策,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

We study Reinforcement Learning (RL) in environments with large state spaces, where function approximation is required for sample-efficient learning. Departing from a long history of prior work, we consider the weakest possible form of function approximation, called agnostic policy learning, where the learner seeks to find the best policy in a given class $Π$, with no guarantee that $Π$ contains an optimal policy for the underlying task. Although it is known that sample-efficient agnostic policy learning is not possible in the standard online RL setting without further assumptions, we investigate the extent to which this can be overcome with stronger forms of access to the environment. Specifically, we show that: 1. Agnostic policy learning remains statistically intractable when given access to a local simulator, from which one can reset to any previously seen state. This result holds even when the policy class is realizable, and stands in contrast to a positive result of [MFR24] showing that value-based learning under realizability is tractable with local simulator access. 2. Agnostic policy learning remains statistically intractable when given online access to a reset distribution with good coverage properties over the state space (the so-called $μ$-reset setting). We also study stronger forms of function approximation for policy learning, showing that PSDP [BKSN03] and CPI [KL02] provably fail in the absence of policy completeness. 3. On a positive note, agnostic policy learning is statistically tractable for Block MDPs with access to both of the above reset models. We establish this via a new algorithm that carefully constructs a policy emulator: a tabular MDP with a small state space that approximates the value functions of all policies $π\in Π$. These values are approximated without any explicit value function class.