A Soft Sensor Method with Uncertainty-Awareness and Self-Explanation Based on Large Language Models Enhanced by Domain Knowledge Retrieval
作者: Shuo Tong, Han Liu, Runyuan Guo, Wenqing Wang, Xueqiong Tian, Lingyun Wei, Lin Zhang, Huayong Wu, Ding Liu, Youmin Zhang
分类: cs.LG, cs.AI, eess.SP
发布日期: 2025-01-06 (更新: 2025-01-08)
💡 一句话要点
提出基于大语言模型的软传感器以解决传统方法的局限性
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 软传感器 大语言模型 上下文学习 不确定性感知 工业应用 知识检索 自解释
📋 核心要点
- 现有的软传感器方法依赖监督学习,面临高开发成本和训练不稳定等问题。
- 本文提出了基于大语言模型的LLM-FUESS框架,利用上下文学习替代传统的监督学习。
- 实验结果显示,LLM-FUESS在预测性能和鲁棒性上超越了现有方法,表现出强大的灵活性。
📝 摘要(中文)
数据驱动的软传感器在工业系统中预测关键性能指标至关重要。然而,现有方法主要依赖监督学习,面临高开发成本、鲁棒性差、训练不稳定和缺乏可解释性等挑战。本文旨在用新兴的上下文学习(ICL)范式替代监督学习,提出了一种名为Few-shot Uncertainty-aware and self-Explaining Soft Sensor(LLM-FUESS)的新框架。该框架包括零-shot辅助变量选择器(LLM-ZAVS)和不确定性感知的少样本软传感器(LLM-UFSS),通过从工业知识向量存储中检索领域特定知识,增强了LLM的能力。实验结果表明,该方法在预测性能、鲁棒性和灵活性方面达到了最先进的水平,有效缓解了传统方法中的训练不稳定性。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决传统软传感器方法在工业应用中的高开发成本、鲁棒性差、训练不稳定和缺乏可解释性等痛点。
核心思路:通过引入大语言模型(LLMs)和上下文学习(ICL),替代传统的监督学习方法,以实现更高效的软传感器建模。
技术框架:LLM-FUESS框架包含两个主要模块:零-shot辅助变量选择器(LLM-ZAVS)和不确定性感知的少样本软传感器(LLM-UFSS)。LLM-ZAVS负责从工业知识向量存储中检索领域知识,而LLM-UFSS则利用文本上下文示例进行预测。
关键创新:首次将大语言模型应用于软传感器的构建,提出了基于上下文学习的建模方法,显著提高了模型的可解释性和鲁棒性。
关键设计:在LLM-UFSS中,采用了文本上下文示例来引导模型进行预测,并设计了上下文样本检索增强策略,以提升模型性能。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,LLM-FUESS在预测性能上达到了最先进的水平,相较于传统方法,鲁棒性提升显著,训练不稳定性问题得到有效缓解。具体性能数据未提供,但实验结果显示出强大的灵活性和适应性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括工业自动化、智能制造和过程控制等,能够为实时监测和预测提供更高效、可靠的解决方案。未来,随着大语言模型技术的进一步发展,该方法有望在更多复杂系统中得到应用,推动智能传感器的发展。
📄 摘要(原文)
Data-driven soft sensors are crucial in predicting key performance indicators in industrial systems. However, current methods predominantly rely on the supervised learning paradigms of parameter updating, which inherently faces challenges such as high development costs, poor robustness, training instability, and lack of interpretability. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential across various domains, notably through In-Context Learning (ICL), which enables high-performance task execution with minimal input-label demonstrations and no prior training. This paper aims to replace supervised learning with the emerging ICL paradigm for soft sensor modeling to address existing challenges and explore new avenues for advancement. To achieve this, we propose a novel framework called the Few-shot Uncertainty-aware and self-Explaining Soft Sensor (LLM-FUESS), which includes the Zero-shot Auxiliary Variable Selector (LLM-ZAVS) and the Uncertainty-aware Few-shot Soft Sensor (LLM-UFSS). The LLM-ZAVS retrieves from the Industrial Knowledge Vector Storage to enhance LLMs' domain-specific knowledge, enabling zero-shot auxiliary variable selection. In the LLM-UFSS, we utilize text-based context demonstrations of structured data to prompt LLMs to execute ICL for predicting and propose a context sample retrieval augmentation strategy to improve performance. Additionally, we explored LLMs' AIGC and probabilistic characteristics to propose self-explanation and uncertainty quantification methods for constructing a trustworthy soft sensor. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieved state-of-the-art predictive performance, strong robustness, and flexibility, effectively mitigates training instability found in traditional methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to establish soft sensor utilizing LLMs.