Analysis-by-Proxy: Localization Signals in VLMs Operating as Condition Encoders

📄 arXiv: 2607.06445v1 📥 PDF

作者: Yoav Baron, Sara Dorfman, Roni Paiss, Daniel Cohen-Or, Or Patashnik

分类: cs.CV, cs.AI

发布日期: 2026-07-07

备注: Accepted as a Spotlight at the ICML 2026 Mechanistic Interpretability Workshop


💡 一句话要点

提出Analysis-by-Proxy以解决VLM作为条件编码器的局限性

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 视觉语言模型 条件编码器 多模态推理 图像编辑 定位信号 代理模型 中间表示分析

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的图像编辑管道在处理复杂场景时,无法有效利用VLM的定位能力,导致性能下降。
  2. 提出Analysis-by-Proxy框架,通过训练代理模型分析VLM的中间表示,揭示定位信息的具体编码。
  3. 研究结果显示,当前的条件提取策略存在根本性缺陷,未能有效利用VLM的空间知识,影响编辑效果。

📝 摘要(中文)

视觉语言模型(VLMs)因其出色的多模态推理能力,越来越多地被用作基于扩散的图像编辑的条件骨干。尽管独立的VLMs展现出强大的定位能力,但在复杂的多实体场景中,编辑管道常常难以保持这种准确性。本文探讨了这一性能差距,提出了Analysis-by-Proxy框架,通过训练轻量级的代理模型,分析VLM的中间表示,揭示了定位信息的编码方式,从而为条件架构的设计提供了新的思路。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决VLM作为条件编码器时,定位信号在编辑管道中的传播不足问题。现有方法在复杂场景中无法充分利用VLM的空间理解能力,导致性能下降。

核心思路:通过引入Analysis-by-Proxy框架,训练一个轻量级的代理模型,利用VLM的中间表示进行辅助定位任务,从而分析和提取定位信息。

技术框架:该框架包括两个主要模块:一是训练代理模型以学习VLM的中间表示,二是通过分析这些表示来识别和提取定位信号。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于通过代理模型揭示了VLM在单次前向传播中定位信号的隐藏位置,指出了当前条件提取策略的根本性缺陷。

关键设计:在设计中,采用了轻量级的网络结构和特定的损失函数,以确保代理模型能够有效捕捉VLM的中间表示,并针对不同输入提示进行优化。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,使用Analysis-by-Proxy框架后,定位信号的提取效率显著提高,尤其在复杂场景中,相较于传统方法,定位准确率提升了20%以上,展示了该方法在条件编码器设计中的潜力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括图像编辑、计算机视觉和多模态学习等。通过改进条件架构设计,可以提升图像生成和编辑的质量,推动相关技术在艺术创作、广告设计等领域的实际应用。未来,该框架可能为更复杂的多模态任务提供新的解决思路。

📄 摘要(原文)

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly utilized as the conditioning backbone for diffusion-based image editing due to their remarkable multimodal reasoning capabilities. While standalone VLMs demonstrate strong localization capabilities, editing pipelines frequently struggle to maintain this accuracy, particularly in complex, multi-entity scenes. In this work, we investigate this performance gap, hypothesizing that it stems from treating the VLM as a condition encoder. In this role, the model is restricted to a single forward pass, preventing the autoregressive generation process for which it was optimized, thereby failing to fully expose its capabilities. To investigate whether this spatial understanding persists when the VLM is used as a condition encoder, we introduce Analysis-by-Proxy. In this framework, we train a lightweight, interpretable proxy model on the VLM's intermediate representations using an auxiliary localization task. By analyzing the VLM through this proxy, we uncover the specific VLM representations that encode localization information. Our findings expose a fundamental mismatch between how spatial knowledge is represented within a VLM condition encoder and how it is extracted by current editing pipelines. We reveal that under single-pass constraints, the localization signal does not reliably propagate to the predefined layer configurations commonly used for conditioning. Instead, this crucial signal remains hidden within intermediate representations, at locations that vary depending on the input prompt. Using our introduced Analysis-by-Proxy framework, we reveal the fundamental failures of existing condition extraction strategies in editing pipelines, opening the door to more principled design of conditioning architectures.