Vision-Assisted Foundation Model for Solving Multi-Task Vehicle Routing Problems

📄 arXiv: 2606.10431v1 📥 PDF

作者: Shuangchun Gui, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Yew-Soon Ong

分类: cs.CV, cs.AI

发布日期: 2026-06-09

备注: Accepted by TNNLS


💡 一句话要点

提出视觉辅助基础模型以解决多任务车辆路径问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 多任务车辆路径问题 视觉辅助模型 卷积神经网络 图模型融合 约束优化

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的多任务车辆路径问题求解器仅依赖图形模式,无法有效处理多重约束的变体。
  2. 本文提出的视觉辅助基础模型通过学习图像补丁级别的语义,将视觉信息与图模型结合,解决多任务车辆路径问题。
  3. VaFM在16种不同的车辆路径问题变体上进行了评估,实验结果显示其在复杂约束下的性能优于现有方法。

📝 摘要(中文)

多任务车辆路径问题在提升各行业和服务领域的效率中发挥着关键作用。这些问题由多个变体组成,旨在优化路径成本并满足多样的客户约束。现有的多任务车辆路径问题求解器仅利用基于图的模式,限制了其处理多约束变体的能力。为此,本文提出了一种视觉辅助基础模型(VaFM),通过卷积神经网络对输入图像进行编码,并将获得的补丁嵌入与基于图的节点融合,以同时解决多种车辆路径问题变体。实验结果表明,VaFM在处理复杂约束的变体时优于现有最先进的方法。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决多任务车辆路径问题(VRP),现有方法在处理多重约束时存在局限性,特别是缺乏有效的约束表示和处理能力。

核心思路:论文提出的视觉辅助基础模型(VaFM)通过卷积神经网络对图像进行编码,提取补丁级别的语义信息,并将其与图模型结合,以应对多任务VRP的复杂性。

技术框架:VaFM的整体架构包括三个主要模块:图像输入模块、补丁嵌入模块和图模型融合模块。图像输入模块负责获取与约束相关的图像,补丁嵌入模块通过CNN提取特征,最后将这些特征与图模型节点融合以生成解决方案。

关键创新:VaFM的核心创新在于将视觉信息与图模型相结合,克服了传统方法在处理多重约束时的不足,尤其是在约束表示和适应性方面。

关键设计:在设计中,采用了特定的损失函数来解决像素不平衡问题,并优化了卷积神经网络的结构,以提高特征提取的有效性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,VaFM在16种不同的车辆路径问题变体上表现出色,尤其在处理复杂约束的变体时,其性能相比于现有最先进的方法提升了显著,具体提升幅度未知。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括物流配送、公共交通调度和智能交通系统等。通过提高多任务车辆路径问题的求解效率,VaFM能够显著降低运营成本,提升服务质量,具有广泛的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Multi-task vehicle routing problems play a critical role in enhancing efficiency across various industries and service sectors. These problems consist of multiple variants that optimize routing costs while meeting diverse customer constraints. Existing multi-task VRP solvers solely utilize a graph-based modality, limiting their ability to address variants with multiple constraints. As a format to represent complex semantics, vision modality shows great potential for encoding diverse VRP constraints. This motivates us to learn patch-level semantics from the vision images, and then integrate them into a graph-based model to solve various VRP variants simultaneously. However, directly applying this approach to multi-task VRPs presents three challenges: 1) existing VRP images lack constraint representations, which are essential for multi-task VRPs, 2) the fixed receptive field of individual patches cannot effectively accommodate varying requirements across tasks, and 3) imbalanced pixel distribution among constraints may cause the model to overlook constraints with fewer pixels. In this paper, we propose a vision-assisted foundation model (VaFM) to address these challenges. In the vision modality, input images tailored to all constraints are encoded by a convolutional neural network. The obtained patch embeddings are fused with graph-based nodes to generate solutions, with an auxiliary task designed to address the pixel-imbalanced issue. The performance of VaFM is evaluated across 16 different VRP variants. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of VaFM over state-of-the-art methods, especially for variants with complex constraints.