SmartPretrain: Model-Agnostic and Dataset-Agnostic Representation Learning for Motion Prediction

📄 arXiv: 2410.08669v2 📥 PDF

作者: Yang Zhou, Hao Shao, Letian Wang, Steven L. Waslander, Hongsheng Li, Yu Liu

分类: cs.CV, cs.AI, cs.RO

发布日期: 2024-10-11 (更新: 2025-02-27)

备注: Camera-ready version for ICLR 2025

🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB


💡 一句话要点

提出SmartPretrain以解决运动预测中的数据稀缺问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱八:物理动画 (Physics-based Animation)

关键词: 自监督学习 运动预测 模型无关 数据集无关 时空演变 对比学习 重构学习 自动驾驶

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的运动预测方法往往依赖于特定模型架构和单一数据集,限制了其可扩展性和泛化能力。
  2. SmartPretrain是一个通用的自监督学习框架,结合对比和重构学习,能够有效表示时空演变和交互。
  3. 在多个数据集上的实验表明,SmartPretrain显著提高了预测模型的性能,例如将Forecast-MAE的MissRate降低了10.6%。

📝 摘要(中文)

预测周围代理的未来运动对于自动驾驶汽车在动态人机混合环境中安全运行至关重要。然而,大规模驾驶数据集的稀缺限制了运动预测模型的开发,影响其捕捉复杂交互和道路几何的能力。为了解决这一挑战,本文提出了SmartPretrain,一个通用且可扩展的自监督学习框架,旨在实现模型无关和数据集无关的运动预测。该方法结合了对比和重构自监督学习的优点,采用数据集无关的场景采样策略,增强了数据的多样性和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,SmartPretrain在多个数据集上显著提升了最先进预测模型的性能。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决运动预测领域中由于数据集稀缺导致的模型泛化能力不足的问题。现有方法通常专注于特定模型和数据集,限制了其在复杂环境中的应用。

核心思路:SmartPretrain通过引入自监督学习框架,结合对比学习和重构学习的优势,旨在实现模型无关和数据集无关的运动预测,增强模型的泛化能力。

技术框架:该框架包括场景采样、特征提取和模型训练三个主要模块。场景采样采用数据集无关的策略,特征提取通过对比和重构学习实现,最后通过训练优化模型性能。

关键创新:SmartPretrain的核心创新在于其模型和数据集无关的设计,突破了传统方法对特定架构的依赖,能够在多种数据集上进行有效训练。

关键设计:在技术细节上,SmartPretrain使用了多种损失函数来平衡对比学习和重构学习的效果,同时在网络结构上保持灵活性,以适应不同的输入数据特征。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,SmartPretrain在多个数据集上均显著提升了运动预测模型的性能。例如,MissRate在Forecast-MAE任务中降低了10.6%,展示了其作为统一可扩展解决方案的有效性,突破了小数据集的限制。

🎯 应用场景

该研究具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其是在自动驾驶、智能交通系统和人机交互等领域。通过提升运动预测的准确性,SmartPretrain能够帮助自动驾驶汽车更好地理解和预测周围环境的动态变化,从而提高安全性和效率。未来,该方法还可能扩展到其他需要时空预测的领域,如机器人导航和智能监控。

📄 摘要(原文)

Predicting the future motion of surrounding agents is essential for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to operate safely in dynamic, human-robot-mixed environments. However, the scarcity of large-scale driving datasets has hindered the development of robust and generalizable motion prediction models, limiting their ability to capture complex interactions and road geometries. Inspired by recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), self-supervised learning (SSL) has gained significant attention in the motion prediction community for learning rich and transferable scene representations. Nonetheless, existing pre-training methods for motion prediction have largely focused on specific model architectures and single dataset, limiting their scalability and generalizability. To address these challenges, we propose SmartPretrain, a general and scalable SSL framework for motion prediction that is both model-agnostic and dataset-agnostic. Our approach integrates contrastive and reconstructive SSL, leveraging the strengths of both generative and discriminative paradigms to effectively represent spatiotemporal evolution and interactions without imposing architectural constraints. Additionally, SmartPretrain employs a dataset-agnostic scenario sampling strategy that integrates multiple datasets, enhancing data volume, diversity, and robustness. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that SmartPretrain consistently improves the performance of state-of-the-art prediction models across datasets, data splits and main metrics. For instance, SmartPretrain significantly reduces the MissRate of Forecast-MAE by 10.6%. These results highlight SmartPretrain's effectiveness as a unified, scalable solution for motion prediction, breaking free from the limitations of the small-data regime. Codes are available at https://github.com/youngzhou1999/SmartPretrain