Generalized Robot 3D Vision-Language Model with Fast Rendering and Pre-Training Vision-Language Alignment

📄 arXiv: 2312.00663v2 📥 PDF

作者: Kangcheng Liu, Yong-Jin Liu, Baoquan Chen

分类: cs.CV, cs.RO

发布日期: 2023-12-01 (更新: 2025-02-19)

备注: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Manuscript Info: 17 Pages, 13 Figures, and 6 Tables


💡 一句话要点

提出通用机器人3D视觉语言模型以解决稀缺标签下的场景理解问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱三:空间感知与语义 (Perception & Semantics)

关键词: 3D场景理解 视觉语言模型 知识蒸馏 无监督学习 开放词汇 点云分割 实例分割

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的3D场景理解方法在处理未知类别时存在显著不足,无法适应真实世界的多样性。
  2. 本文提出了一种层次特征对齐的预训练和知识蒸馏策略,旨在从视觉语言模型中提取新类别知识。
  3. WS3D++方法在ScanNet基准测试中表现优异,语义分割和实例分割任务均取得第一名,展示了其有效性。

📝 摘要(中文)

深度神经网络模型在3D场景理解方面取得了显著进展,但在封闭集设置和全标签训练下存在瓶颈,无法识别训练类别之外的未知新类别。因此,急需一个框架,能够同时适用于3D点云分割和检测,特别是在标签稀缺的情况下。本文提出了一种通用且简单的框架,利用层次特征对齐的预训练和知识蒸馏策略,从大规模视觉语言模型中提取和蒸馏有意义的信息,促进开放词汇场景理解任务。通过无监督区域级语义对比学习方案,确保了效率和潜在实例区分。我们的WS3D++方法在大规模ScanNet基准上,在语义分割和实例分割任务中均排名第一,证明了其在数据高效学习和开放世界少样本学习中的有效性。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决在标签稀缺情况下的3D场景理解问题。现有方法在处理未知类别时表现不佳,限制了其在实际应用中的有效性。

核心思路:提出了一种通用框架,通过层次特征对齐的预训练和知识蒸馏,从大规模视觉语言模型中提取有用信息,以支持开放词汇的场景理解。

技术框架:整体架构包括特征提取、知识蒸馏和无监督对比学习三个主要模块。特征提取阶段利用预训练模型获取初始特征,知识蒸馏阶段提取有意义的信息,而对比学习阶段则通过无监督方式增强特征的区分性。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于结合了层次特征对齐和无监督区域级语义对比学习,显著提升了模型在未知类别识别上的能力,与传统方法相比,具有更好的开放性和适应性。

关键设计:在模型设计中,采用了多阶段特征嵌入和自信预测机制,损失函数设计上注重于语义对比,确保了模型在不同阶段的特征有效性和区分性。通过这些设计,模型在数据稀缺的情况下仍能保持高效学习。

📊 实验亮点

WS3D++方法在ScanNet基准测试中表现优异,语义分割和实例分割任务均排名第一,展示了在数据高效学习和开放世界少样本学习中的显著提升。相较于基线方法,性能提升幅度达到XX%(具体数据未知),证明了其有效性和创新性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人视觉、自动驾驶、智能监控等。通过提升3D场景理解能力,能够在复杂环境中实现更智能的决策和操作,具有重要的实际价值和广泛的应用前景。未来,该方法有望推动更多开放世界场景理解任务的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Deep neural network models have achieved remarkable progress in 3D scene understanding while trained in the closed-set setting and with full labels. However, the major bottleneck is that these models do not have the capacity to recognize any unseen novel classes beyond the training categories in diverse real-world applications. Therefore, we are in urgent need of a framework that can simultaneously be applicable to both 3D point cloud segmentation and detection, particularly in the circumstances where the labels are rather scarce. This work presents a generalized and straightforward framework for dealing with 3D scene understanding when the labeled scenes are quite limited. To extract knowledge for novel categories from the pre-trained vision-language models, we propose a hierarchical feature-aligned pre-training and knowledge distillation strategy to extract and distill meaningful information from large-scale vision-language models, which helps benefit the open-vocabulary scene understanding tasks. To encourage latent instance discrimination and to guarantee efficiency, we propose the unsupervised region-level semantic contrastive learning scheme for point clouds, using confident predictions of the neural network to discriminate the intermediate feature embeddings at multiple stages. In the limited reconstruction case, our proposed approach, termed WS3D++, ranks 1st on the large-scale ScanNet benchmark on both the task of semantic segmentation and instance segmentation. Extensive experiments with both indoor and outdoor scenes demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in both data-efficient learning and open-world few-shot learning. The code is made publicly available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1M58V-PtR8DBEwD296zJkNg_m2qq-MTAP?usp=sharing.