Lapras: Latent Reasoning for Time Series Language Models

📄 arXiv: 2610.11111v1 📥 PDF

作者: Yuliang Chen, Yu Yvonne Wu, Patrick Langer, Arvind Pillai, Sudarshan Regmi, Martin Maritsch, Juncheng Liu, Robert Jakob, Thomas Kaar, Tess Z. Griffin, Lisa Marsch, Michael V. Heinz, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Andrew Campbell

分类: cs.CL, cs.LG

发布日期: 2026-10-08


💡 一句话要点

提出Lapras以解决时间序列语言模型推理不足问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 时间序列分析 语言模型 自蒸馏 推理机制 自然语言处理 深度学习 模型优化

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的时间序列语言模型在推理过程中难以准确描述输入信号,导致错误答案和不一致解释。
  2. Lapras通过教师-学生自蒸馏机制,使模型在时间序列-语言空间中进行连续推理,仅在最终答案阶段生成文本。
  3. 实验表明,Lapras在多个基准上显著提升了模型性能,同时减少了生成的文本量,增强了可解释性。

📝 摘要(中文)

时间序列语言模型(TSLMs)通过对时间信号进行推理,生成自然语言答案和解释,展现出理解时间序列的潜力。然而,现有的链式思维(CoT)方法在推理过程中难以准确描述输入时间序列,导致错误的答案和不一致的解释。为此,本文提出Lapras(潜在后训练推理框架),通过教师-学生自蒸馏机制,使模型在联合时间序列-语言空间中进行连续推理,仅在最终答案阶段生成文本。实验结果表明,Lapras在五个时间序列问答基准上,相较于显式CoT,平均F1提升高达10.79%,且生成的文本量减少了23.9倍。这些结果表明Lapras在高效、有效和可解释的TSLM推理中具有良好的前景。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决时间序列语言模型在推理过程中生成不准确描述的问题。现有的链式思维方法在推理时容易忽略任务相关模式,导致错误的答案和不一致的解释。

核心思路:Lapras的核心思路是通过教师-学生自蒸馏机制,使模型在联合时间序列-语言空间中进行连续推理,避免在推理过程中生成中间文本,从而减少错误传播。

技术框架:Lapras的整体架构包括教师模型和学生模型。教师模型基于链式思维参考轨迹进行训练,负责生成明确的推理文本;学生模型在答案阶段与教师模型的隐藏状态对齐,学习教师的推理能力。

关键创新:Lapras的主要创新在于引入潜在推理机制,使得模型能够在不生成中间文本的情况下进行有效推理。这与传统的显式推理方法形成了鲜明对比,显著提高了推理的准确性和效率。

关键设计:在模型设计中,采用了自蒸馏技术,设置了合适的损失函数以促进教师与学生模型之间的对齐。此外,模型结构经过优化,以适应时间序列数据的特性,确保推理过程的流畅性和准确性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

Lapras在五个时间序列问答基准上的实验结果显示,平均F1分数提升高达10.79%,同时生成的文本量减少了23.9倍。这一显著的性能提升表明Lapras在推理效率和准确性方面的优势,展示了其作为后训练范式的潜力。

🎯 应用场景

Lapras的研究成果具有广泛的应用潜力,特别是在金融市场分析、医疗监测和智能家居等领域。通过提高时间序列数据的理解能力,Lapras能够为决策支持系统提供更准确的自然语言解释,帮助用户更好地理解复杂的时间序列模式,提升决策效率。

📄 摘要(原文)

Time Series Language Models (TSLMs) offer a promising path toward time series understanding by reasoning over temporal signals and producing natural language answers and explanations. A common approach is Chain-of-Thought (CoT), which generates step-by-step rationales linking relevant signal patterns to final answers. Although these models learn from reference CoT traces during post-training, generating faithful descriptions of input time series at inference remains challenging. Expressing high-dimensional, continuous temporal representations in discrete language tokens may cause the model to neglect task-relevant patterns or describe them inaccurately. Because later reasoning steps build on these descriptions, early errors propagate, leading to incorrect answers with plausible explanations that are inconsistent with the input signal. We propose Lapras (Latent Post-trained Reasoning Across Series), a post-training framework that equips TSLMs with latent reasoning. A model trained with Lapras reasons through a sequence of continuous thoughts in the joint time series-language space, producing text only for the final answer. It learns this through teacher-student self-distillation, where a teacher trained on CoT reference traces reasons explicitly through text. The student aligns its hidden states with the teacher's at the answer stage, transferring the teacher's reasoning ability into its latent computation. We evaluate Lapras across four TSLM backbones on five time series question answering benchmarks. Lapras improves average F1 by up to 10.79% over explicit CoT while generating 23.9x fewer tokens. Lapras's continuous thoughts can also be decoded into readable reasoning traces via standard language decoding, preserving textual explanations. Together, these results highlight Lapras as a promising post-training paradigm for efficient, effective, and interpretable TSLM reasoning.