Light-IF: Endowing LLMs with Generalizable Reasoning via Preview and Self-Checking for Complex Instruction Following

📄 arXiv: 2508.03178v1 📥 PDF

作者: Chenyang Wang, Liang Wen, Shousheng Jia, Xiangzheng Zhang, Liang Xu

分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG

发布日期: 2025-08-05

备注: 12 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables


💡 一句话要点

提出Light-IF框架以解决复杂指令遵循中的推理问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大型语言模型 复杂指令 推理机制 预览与自检 强化学习 熵保持微调 数据集策划

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有大型语言模型在遵循复杂指令时表现不佳,主要由于推理过程中的懒惰思维导致的。
  2. 论文提出了Light-IF框架,通过预览和自检机制来增强推理过程,确保模型能有效遵循复杂指令。
  3. 实验结果显示,Light-IF-32B模型在多个基准测试中表现优异,超越了许多现有的开源和闭源模型。

📝 摘要(中文)

尽管大型语言模型(LLMs)在数学问题、编码任务和一般谜题的推理能力上取得了显著进展,但在复杂指令的遵循上仍存在不一致性。我们的研究发现,推理阶段的懒惰思维是导致指令遵循不佳的主要原因。为此,我们提出了一个综合框架,通过预览和自检来增强推理过程,以满足严格的指令约束。具体而言,我们生成具有复杂约束的指令,并通过过滤过程获得有效提示,形成难度分类的三种提示数据集。随后,我们采用拒绝采样方法来策划高质量的数据集,并结合熵保持的监督微调和基于规则的密集奖励的强化学习,鼓励模型转变推理机制。实验结果表明,Light-IF-32B模型在多个指令遵循基准上表现优异,超越了许多现有模型。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本论文旨在解决大型语言模型在复杂指令遵循中的推理不足问题,现有方法在处理复杂指令时常常出现懒惰推理,导致效果不佳。

核心思路:论文提出的Light-IF框架通过引入预览和自检机制,增强推理过程的严谨性,从而提高模型对复杂指令的遵循能力。

技术框架:整体架构包括生成复杂约束的指令、过滤有效提示、拒绝采样高质量数据集、熵保持的监督微调(Entropy-SFT)和基于规则的强化学习(TEA-RL)。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于结合了预览和自检机制,使得模型能够在推理过程中进行自我验证,从而提升推理的准确性和一致性。

关键设计:在参数设置上,采用了熵保持的损失函数,并通过规则引导的密集奖励来优化模型的推理机制,确保模型在复杂指令下的适应性和有效性。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,Light-IF-32B模型在多个指令遵循基准上取得了显著的性能提升,超越了DeepSeek-R1和Doubao-1.6等更大规模的模型,验证了该框架的有效性和优越性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能助手、自动化编程、教育辅导等,能够显著提升大型语言模型在复杂任务中的表现。未来,该框架可能推动更高效的指令遵循系统的开发,促进人机交互的智能化进程。

📄 摘要(原文)

While advancements in the reasoning abilities of LLMs have significantly enhanced their performance in solving mathematical problems, coding tasks, and general puzzles, their effectiveness in accurately adhering to instructions remains inconsistent, particularly with more complex directives. Our investigation identifies lazy reasoning during the thinking stage as the primary factor contributing to poor instruction adherence. To mitigate this issue, we propose a comprehensive framework designed to enable rigorous reasoning processes involving preview and self-checking, essential for satisfying strict instruction constraints. Specifically, we first generate instructions with complex constraints and apply a filtering process to obtain valid prompts, resulting in three distinct prompt datasets categorized as hard, easy, and pass. Then, we employ rejection sampling on the pass prompts to curate a small yet high-quality dataset, enabling a cold-start initialization of the model and facilitating its adaptation to effective reasoning patterns. Subsequently, we employ an entropy-preserving supervised fine-tuning (Entropy-SFT) strategy coupled with token-wise entropy-adaptive (TEA-RL) reinforcement learning guided by rule-based dense rewards. This approach encourages the model to transform its reasoning mechanism, ultimately fostering generalizable reasoning abilities that encompass preview and self-checking. Extensive experiments conducted on instruction-following benchmarks demonstrate remarkable performance improvements across various model scales. Notably, our Light-IF-32B model surpasses both larger open-source models such as DeepSeek-R1 and closed-source models like Doubao-1.6.