Adaptive Content Restriction for Large Language Models via Suffix Optimization
作者: Yige Li, Peihai Jiang, Jun Sun, Peng Shu, Tianming Liu, Zhen Xiang
分类: cs.CL, cs.AI
发布日期: 2025-08-02
备注: 19 pages
💡 一句话要点
提出自适应内容限制方法以解决大语言模型生成有害内容的问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 自适应内容限制 后缀优化 大语言模型 内容生成 模型对齐
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法在应对大语言模型生成有害内容时面临高计算和存储需求,且难以适应不同用户的快速变化需求。
- 本文提出自适应内容限制(AdaCoRe)任务,利用后缀优化(SOP)方法,轻量化地防止生成限制词而无需模型微调。
- 实验结果显示,SOP在多个大语言模型上平均提升限制率15%-17%,并在实际应用平台上验证了其有效性。
📝 摘要(中文)
大语言模型(LLMs)在多种应用中取得了显著成功,但由于其输出空间广泛,内容限制仍然是一个重大挑战。现有的模型对齐方法,如监督微调(SFT),在应对不同用户群体的内容限制需求时显得不够灵活且计算资源消耗大。为此,本文提出了一种新的任务——自适应内容限制(AdaCoRe),并提出了首个方法——后缀优化(SOP),通过在提示后附加优化后的短后缀,来防止生成特定的限制词,同时保持输出质量。我们还创建了内容限制基准(CoReBench)来评估AdaCoRe方法的有效性,实验结果表明SOP在多个模型上均优于系统级基线。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决大语言模型在生成内容时的有害性问题,现有的监督微调方法在计算和数据需求上过于庞大,难以满足不同用户的特定需求。
核心思路:提出自适应内容限制(AdaCoRe)任务,设计后缀优化(SOP)方法,通过在输入提示后附加优化后的短后缀,来有效防止生成特定的限制词,同时保持输出的质量。
技术框架:整体流程包括输入提示的接收、后缀的生成与附加、以及最终输出的生成。主要模块包括提示处理模块、后缀优化模块和输出生成模块。
关键创新:SOP方法是首个针对自适应内容限制的轻量化策略,区别于传统的微调方法,避免了高昂的计算和存储成本。
关键设计:在后缀优化过程中,采用了特定的损失函数来平衡生成内容的质量与限制效果,同时设计了高效的参数设置以确保优化过程的快速收敛。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,SOP在Gemma2-2B、Mistral-7B、Vicuna-7B、Llama3-8B和Llama3.1-8B等模型上,平均限制率分别提升了15%、17%、10%、9%和6%,显著优于系统级基线,验证了其有效性与实用性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括社交媒体、在线内容生成和教育等多个场景,能够有效防止有害内容的生成,提升用户体验与安全性。未来,随着大语言模型的广泛应用,该方法将对内容监管和道德规范的实施产生深远影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across diverse applications. However, enforcing content restrictions remains a significant challenge due to their expansive output space. One aspect of content restriction is preventing LLMs from generating harmful content via model alignment approaches such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Yet, the need for content restriction may vary significantly across user groups, change rapidly over time, and not always align with general definitions of harmfulness. Applying SFT to each of these specific use cases is impractical due to the high computational, data, and storage demands. Motivated by this need, we propose a new task called \textit{Adaptive Content Restriction} (AdaCoRe), which focuses on lightweight strategies -- methods without model fine-tuning -- to prevent deployed LLMs from generating restricted terms for specific use cases. We propose the first method for AdaCoRe, named \textit{Suffix Optimization (SOP)}, which appends a short, optimized suffix to any prompt to a) prevent a target LLM from generating a set of restricted terms, while b) preserving the output quality. To evaluate AdaCoRe approaches, including our SOP, we create a new \textit{Content Restriction Benchmark} (CoReBench), which contains 400 prompts for 80 restricted terms across 8 carefully selected categories. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SOP on CoReBench, which outperforms the system-level baselines such as system suffix by 15\%, 17\%, 10\%, 9\%, and 6\% on average restriction rates for Gemma2-2B, Mistral-7B, Vicuna-7B, Llama3-8B, and Llama3.1-8B, respectively. We also demonstrate that SOP is effective on POE, an online platform hosting various commercial LLMs, highlighting its practicality in real-world scenarios.