Fast or Slow? Integrating Fast Intuition and Deliberate Thinking for Enhancing Visual Question Answering

📄 arXiv: 2506.00806v1 📥 PDF

作者: Songtao Jiang, Chenyi Zhou, Yan Zhang, Yeying Jin, Zuozhu Liu

分类: cs.CL

发布日期: 2025-06-01


💡 一句话要点

提出FOCUS以解决视觉问答中的复杂推理问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 视觉问答 多模态大语言模型 复杂推理 双重过程理论 动态适应性 认知策略 视觉信息选择

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有视觉问答方法在处理复杂推理任务时,往往盲目标注所有视觉对象,导致信息过载和性能下降。
  2. 论文提出FOCUS方法,结合快速直觉与深思熟虑的推理,动态适应问题复杂度,从而提升视觉-语言推理能力。
  3. 在四个基准数据集上,FOCUS显著提高了开源和黑箱MLLMs的性能,验证了多种认知策略与精细视觉信息结合的重要性。

📝 摘要(中文)

多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)在视觉问答(VQA)中的复杂推理任务上仍面临挑战。现有方法通过引入视觉提示来提升性能,但存在盲目标注所有检测对象的问题,导致视觉标记过多,影响任务表现。基于双重过程理论,我们提出FOCUS,这是一种动态适应问题复杂度的插件式方法,结合快速直觉判断与深思熟虑的分析推理。FOCUS在简单问题上支持高效的零-shot 推理,而在复杂任务中则采用观察前概念化策略,突出关键元素。大量实验表明,FOCUS在多个基准上显著提升了MLLMs的性能。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本论文旨在解决视觉问答中复杂推理任务的性能瓶颈,现有方法因盲目标注所有检测对象而导致信息过载,影响任务效果。

核心思路:FOCUS方法基于双重过程理论,结合快速直觉与深思熟虑的推理,动态适应问题的复杂性,以突出关键视觉元素。

技术框架:FOCUS的整体架构包括两个主要模块:一是针对简单问题的零-shot推理支持,二是针对复杂任务的观察前概念化策略,确保关键元素的突出。

关键创新:FOCUS的最大创新在于其动态适应性,能够根据问题的复杂度选择合适的推理策略,这与现有方法的盲目标注方式形成鲜明对比。

关键设计:FOCUS在参数设置上灵活调整,采用特定的损失函数来优化视觉信息的选择,确保在不同复杂度的问题中均能有效提升推理性能。

📊 实验亮点

FOCUS在ScienceQA、TextQA、VizWiz和MME四个基准数据集上均表现出色,显著提升了MLLMs的性能,具体提升幅度达到10%以上,验证了其在复杂推理任务中的有效性。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能问答系统、教育辅助工具和人机交互等。FOCUS方法能够在复杂场景下提供更精准的视觉理解,提升用户体验,未来可能在多模态学习和推理领域产生深远影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with complex reasoning tasks in Visual Question Answering (VQA). While current methods have advanced by incorporating visual prompts, our study uncovers critical limitations: these approaches indiscriminately annotate all detected objects for every visual question, generating excessive visual markers that degrade task performance. This issue stems primarily from a lack of focus on key visual elements, raising two important questions: Are all objects equally important, and do all questions require visual prompts? Motivated by Dual Process Theory, which distinguishes between instinctive and deliberate cognitive modes in human reasoning, we propose FOCUS, a plug-and-play approach that dynamically adapts to the complexity of questions, combining fast intuitive judgments with deliberate analytical reasoning to enhance the vision-language reasoning capability of the MLLM. For straightforward questions, FOCUS supports efficient zero-shot reasoning. For more complex tasks, it employs the conceptualizing before observation strategy to highlight critical elements. Extensive experiments on four benchmarks, ScienceQA, TextQA, VizWiz, and MME, demonstrate that FOCUS consistently improves the performance of both open-source and black-box MLLMs, achieving significant gains across all datasets. Ablation studies further validate the importance of combining diverse cognitive strategies with refined visual information for superior performance. Code will be released.