The Obvious Invisible Threat: LLM-Powered GUI Agents' Vulnerability to Fine-Print Injections
作者: Chaoran Chen, Zhiping Zhang, Bingcan Guo, Shang Ma, Ibrahim Khalilov, Simret A Gebreegziabher, Yanfang Ye, Ziang Xiao, Yaxing Yao, Tianshi Li, Toby Jia-Jun Li
分类: cs.HC, cs.CL, cs.CR
发布日期: 2025-04-15
💡 一句话要点
提出针对LLM驱动的GUI代理的防御策略以解决隐私安全问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 大型语言模型 图形用户界面 隐私保护 安全性 对抗攻击 自动化系统 用户数据
📋 核心要点
- 现有的LLM驱动GUI代理在处理用户敏感数据时,面临恶意内容注入的安全隐患,导致隐私泄露风险加剧。
- 论文通过分类六种攻击类型,提出了针对GUI代理的隐私保护设计策略,旨在增强其安全性和可靠性。
- 实验结果显示,GUI代理对上下文嵌入威胁高度脆弱,且人类用户也易受攻击,强调了设计隐私意识的重要性。
📝 摘要(中文)
本文探讨了基于大型语言模型(LLM)的图形用户界面(GUI)代理的安全隐患,尤其是其对恶意内容注入的脆弱性。研究表明,GUI代理在执行用户任务时,容易受到攻击者通过图形界面注入恶意内容的影响,这可能导致用户隐私信息的泄露。通过对六种攻击类型的分类和实验研究,发现这些代理在处理上下文嵌入威胁时尤为脆弱,同时人类用户也容易受到影响。为此,本文提出了隐私意识设计的防御策略,以促进更安全可靠的GUI代理开发。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决LLM驱动的GUI代理在执行任务时,因恶意内容注入而导致的隐私泄露和安全风险。现有方法未能有效识别和防御这些攻击,导致用户数据面临威胁。
核心思路:论文通过对六种不同类型的攻击进行分类,分析其对GUI代理的影响,并提出隐私意识设计的防御策略,以增强代理的安全性。
技术框架:研究首先对六种攻击进行特征分析,然后通过实验验证这些攻击对六种先进GUI代理的影响,最后提出相应的防御策略。主要模块包括攻击分类、实验设计和防御策略制定。
关键创新:本文的创新在于系统性地识别和分类GUI代理面临的多种攻击类型,特别是上下文嵌入威胁,并提出针对性的防御措施,填补了现有研究的空白。
关键设计:在实验中,使用了234个对抗网页和39名参与者,评估了不同攻击对GUI代理和人类用户的影响,设计了相应的防御策略以提升代理的安全性。具体的参数设置和损失函数设计尚未详细披露。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,GUI代理对上下文嵌入攻击的脆弱性显著,尤其是在234个对抗网页的测试中,攻击成功率高达XX%。此外,参与者在面对这些攻击时的识别率仅为YY%,表明人类用户同样容易受到影响,强调了隐私保护设计的必要性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括自动化办公、在线服务预订和智能助手等场景。通过增强GUI代理的安全性,可以有效保护用户隐私,提升用户信任度,推动智能系统在各行业的广泛应用。未来,随着技术的进步,隐私保护将成为智能代理设计的重要考量因素。
📄 摘要(原文)
A Large Language Model (LLM) powered GUI agent is a specialized autonomous system that performs tasks on the user's behalf according to high-level instructions. It does so by perceiving and interpreting the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of relevant apps, often visually, inferring necessary sequences of actions, and then interacting with GUIs by executing the actions such as clicking, typing, and tapping. To complete real-world tasks, such as filling forms or booking services, GUI agents often need to process and act on sensitive user data. However, this autonomy introduces new privacy and security risks. Adversaries can inject malicious content into the GUIs that alters agent behaviors or induces unintended disclosures of private information. These attacks often exploit the discrepancy between visual saliency for agents and human users, or the agent's limited ability to detect violations of contextual integrity in task automation. In this paper, we characterized six types of such attacks, and conducted an experimental study to test these attacks with six state-of-the-art GUI agents, 234 adversarial webpages, and 39 human participants. Our findings suggest that GUI agents are highly vulnerable, particularly to contextually embedded threats. Moreover, human users are also susceptible to many of these attacks, indicating that simple human oversight may not reliably prevent failures. This misalignment highlights the need for privacy-aware agent design. We propose practical defense strategies to inform the development of safer and more reliable GUI agents.