ORLM: A Customizable Framework in Training Large Models for Automated Optimization Modeling
作者: Chenyu Huang, Zhengyang Tang, Shixi Hu, Ruoqing Jiang, Xin Zheng, Dongdong Ge, Benyou Wang, Zizhuo Wang
分类: cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CE, cs.LG
发布日期: 2024-05-28 (更新: 2025-04-04)
备注: accepted by Operations Research
期刊: Operations Research (2025), published online ahead of print
🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB
💡 一句话要点
提出ORLM框架以解决优化建模自动化问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 优化建模 开源LLM 数据合成 运筹学 自动化 工业基准 模型训练
📋 核心要点
- 现有的优化建模方法依赖封闭源的LLMs,缺乏高质量训练数据,导致成本高、处理时间长及隐私问题。
- 本文提出ORLM框架,利用开源LLMs和OR-Instruct数据合成框架,实现优化建模的自动化和可定制化。
- 实验结果表明,ORLMs在多个基准测试中表现优异,展示了优化建模能力的显著提升,且具备良好的扩展性。
📝 摘要(中文)
优化建模在运筹学工具应用中至关重要,但面临挑战且需要运筹学专家的广泛专业知识。随着大型语言模型(LLMs)的出现,自动化此类任务的新机会也随之而来。然而,现有研究主要依赖于封闭源的LLMs,如GPT-4,并伴随大量的提示工程技术。这种依赖源于优化建模高质量训练数据集的稀缺,导致成本高、处理时间长及隐私问题。为了解决这些挑战,本文首次提出了一条可行路径,用于训练能够进行优化建模和开发求解器代码的开源LLMs,最终实现优化建模和求解的自动化能力。特别地,我们设计了OR-Instruct,一个用于优化建模的半自动数据合成框架,支持针对特定场景或模型类型的可定制增强。此外,本文还引入了IndustryOR,这是评估LLMs解决实际运筹学问题的首个工业基准。我们使用合成数据训练了多个7B规模的开源LLMs(称为ORLMs),其优化建模能力显著增强,在NL4OPT、MAMO和IndustryOR基准上表现出竞争力。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决优化建模中对高质量训练数据的依赖问题,现有方法多依赖封闭源的LLMs,导致成本高、处理时间长及隐私问题。
核心思路:提出ORLM框架,通过训练开源LLMs和设计OR-Instruct数据合成框架,来实现优化建模的自动化和针对特定场景的可定制化。
技术框架:整体架构包括数据合成模块、模型训练模块和评估模块。数据合成模块负责生成高质量的训练数据,模型训练模块用于训练LLMs,评估模块则通过IndustryOR基准测试模型性能。
关键创新:最重要的创新点在于首次提出了OR-Instruct框架,支持针对特定优化建模场景的定制化数据合成,显著提升了模型的适应性和性能。
关键设计:在模型训练过程中,采用了7B规模的开源LLMs,结合合成数据进行训练,使用特定的损失函数和优化算法,以确保模型在优化建模任务中的表现。具体参数设置和网络结构细节在论文中有详细描述。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,ORLMs在NL4OPT、MAMO和IndustryOR基准测试中表现优异,优化建模能力显著增强,达到了竞争水平,展示了良好的扩展性和适应性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括工业优化、供应链管理和资源配置等,能够帮助企业在复杂的决策环境中实现高效的优化建模与求解。未来,随着技术的进一步发展,ORLM框架有望在更多实际场景中得到应用,推动运筹学工具的普及与应用。
📄 摘要(原文)
Optimization modeling plays a critical role in the application of Operations Research (OR) tools to address real-world problems, yet they pose challenges and require extensive expertise from OR experts. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), new opportunities have emerged to streamline and automate such task. However, current research predominantly relies on closed-source LLMs such as GPT-4, along with extensive prompt engineering techniques. This reliance stems from the scarcity of high-quality training datasets for optimization modeling, resulting in elevated costs, prolonged processing times, and privacy concerns. To address these challenges, our work is the first to propose a viable path for training open-source LLMs that are capable of optimization modeling and developing solver codes, eventually leading to a superior ability for automating optimization modeling and solving. Particularly, we design the {\sc OR-Instruct}, a semi-automated data synthesis framework for optimization modeling that enables customizable enhancements for specific scenarios or model types. This work also introduces IndustryOR, the first industrial benchmark for evaluating LLMs in solving practical OR problems. We train several 7B-scale open-source LLMs using synthesized data (dubbed ORLMs{https://github.com/Cardinal-Operations/ORLM}), which exhibit significantly enhanced optimization modeling capabilities, achieving competitive performance across the NL4OPT, MAMO, and IndustryOR benchmarks. Additionally, our experiments highlight the potential of scaling law and reinforcement learning to further enhance the performance of ORLMs. The workflows and human-machine interaction paradigms of ORLMs in practical industrial applications are also discussed in the paper.