Self-Guard: Empower the LLM to Safeguard Itself

📄 arXiv: 2310.15851v2 📥 PDF

作者: Zezhong Wang, Fangkai Yang, Lu Wang, Pu Zhao, Hongru Wang, Liang Chen, Qingwei Lin, Kam-Fai Wong

分类: cs.CL

发布日期: 2023-10-24 (更新: 2024-03-22)


💡 一句话要点

提出Self-Guard以增强大型语言模型的自我保护能力

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大型语言模型 越狱攻击 安全训练 自我检测 有害内容评估 模型鲁棒性 内容生成

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的安全训练方法在适应新型越狱攻击时存在局限性,且常常导致模型性能下降。
  2. Self-Guard通过两个阶段增强模型的有害内容评估能力,并指导其自主检测生成内容的有害性。
  3. 实验结果显示,Self-Guard在抵御越狱攻击方面表现出色,且未导致模型性能下降。

📝 摘要(中文)

在大型语言模型(LLM)中,越狱攻击能够绕过安全措施,生成有害内容,导致负面社会影响。目前主要有两种应对越狱攻击的方法:安全训练和外部保护措施。安全训练在增强模型安全性方面存在适应新攻击类型的局限性,而外部保护措施效果有限。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种新方法Self-Guard,结合了两者的优点。Self-Guard分为两个阶段:第一阶段增强模型评估有害内容的能力,第二阶段指导模型自主检测其生成内容的有害性。实验表明,Self-Guard对越狱攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,并且在安全训练前后评估模型的整体能力,证明其不会导致性能下降。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型在面对越狱攻击时的安全性问题。现有的安全训练和外部保护措施在适应性和有效性上存在不足,导致模型容易生成有害内容。

核心思路:Self-Guard结合了安全训练和外部保护的优点,通过增强模型的自我评估能力,使其能够主动识别和检测有害内容,从而提升安全性。

技术框架:Self-Guard的整体架构分为两个主要阶段:第一阶段是增强模型对有害内容的评估能力,第二阶段是指导模型对其自身生成的内容进行有害性检测。

关键创新:Self-Guard的创新点在于其双阶段设计,使模型不仅能够识别有害内容,还能在生成内容时主动进行自我审查,这与传统的单一安全训练或外部保护措施有本质区别。

关键设计:在模型训练中,采用了特定的损失函数来优化有害内容的识别能力,并设计了适应性强的网络结构,以确保模型在不同攻击场景下的鲁棒性。具体参数设置和网络结构细节在实验部分进行了详细描述。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,Self-Guard在抵御越狱攻击方面表现出色,模型在面对有害查询时,偶尔仍能生成无害响应。此外,安全训练前后模型的整体能力评估显示,Self-Guard未导致性能下降,且在敏感性测试中表现出色,避免了过度敏感的问题。

🎯 应用场景

Self-Guard的研究成果具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其在社交媒体、在线客服和内容生成等领域,可以有效防止有害内容的生成,提升用户体验和安全性。未来,该方法还可以扩展到其他类型的生成模型中,进一步增强其安全性。

📄 摘要(原文)

The jailbreak attack can bypass the safety measures of a Large Language Model (LLM), generating harmful content. This misuse of LLM has led to negative societal consequences. Currently, there are two main approaches to address jailbreak attacks: safety training and safeguards. Safety training focuses on further training LLM to enhance its safety. On the other hand, safeguards involve implementing external models or filters to prevent harmful outputs. However, safety training has constraints in its ability to adapt to new attack types and often leads to a drop in model performance. Safeguards have proven to be of limited help. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel approach called Self-Guard, which combines the strengths of both safety methods. Self-Guard includes two stages. In the first stage, we enhance the model's ability to assess harmful content, and in the second stage, we instruct the model to consistently perform harmful content detection on its own responses. The experiment has demonstrated that Self-Guard is robust against jailbreak attacks. In the bad case analysis, we find that LLM occasionally provides harmless responses to harmful queries. Additionally, we evaluated the general capabilities of the LLM before and after safety training, providing evidence that Self-Guard does not result in the LLM's performance degradation. In sensitivity tests, Self-Guard not only avoids inducing over-sensitivity in LLM but also can even mitigate this issue.