Tool-Augmented Reward Modeling

📄 arXiv: 2310.01045v2 📥 PDF

作者: Lei Li, Yekun Chai, Shuohuan Wang, Yu Sun, Hao Tian, Ningyu Zhang, Hua Wu

分类: cs.CL

发布日期: 2023-10-02 (更新: 2024-02-11)

备注: ICLR 2024 Spotlight

🔗 代码/项目: GITHUB


💡 一句话要点

提出工具增强的奖励建模以解决传统方法的局限性

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 奖励建模 工具增强 偏好建模 强化学习 外部工具 自然语言处理 人机交互

📋 核心要点

  1. 传统奖励模型在算术计算和事实查找等基本功能上存在显著不足,影响了其在RLHF中的应用效果。
  2. 本文提出的Themis方法通过引入外部工具,增强了奖励模型的功能,使其能够进行更复杂的任务处理。
  3. 实验结果表明,Themis在偏好排名任务中提升了17.7%,并在TruthfulQA任务中超越了Gopher 280B模型7.3%。

📝 摘要(中文)

奖励建模(也称为偏好建模)在将大型语言模型与人类偏好对齐方面至关重要,尤其是在基于人类反馈的强化学习(RLHF)中。传统的奖励模型虽然具有良好的可扩展性,但在算术计算、代码执行和事实查找等基本功能上常常面临挑战。本文提出了一种名为Themis的工具增强偏好建模方法,通过赋予奖励模型访问外部环境(如计算器和搜索引擎)的能力,来解决这些局限性。该方法不仅促进了工具使用与奖励评分之间的协同作用,还增强了模型的解释能力和评分可靠性。实验结果显示,该方法在八个任务的偏好排名中整体提升了17.7%。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决传统奖励模型在算术计算、代码执行和事实查找等基本功能上的不足,这些问题限制了其在强化学习中的有效应用。

核心思路:Themis方法通过引入外部工具(如计算器和搜索引擎),使奖励模型能够访问和利用外部信息,从而提升其处理复杂任务的能力。

技术框架:该方法的整体架构包括外部工具的集成、任务特定的工具交互和推理轨迹的自回归构建。主要模块包括工具接口、奖励评分模块和任务处理模块。

关键创新:Themis的核心创新在于将外部工具的使用与奖励评分相结合,显著提升了模型的解释能力和评分的可靠性。这一设计与传统方法的本质区别在于其动态访问外部信息的能力。

关键设计:在模型设计中,采用了多种外部工具API,构建了包含15,000个实例的工具相关RM数据集,确保了模型训练的多样性和有效性。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,Themis在八个任务的偏好排名中整体提升了17.7%,在TruthfulQA任务中超越了Gopher 280B模型7.3%。此外,经过Themis训练的RLHF模型在四个任务中的人类评估中平均胜率达到32%,显示出显著的性能提升。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括自然语言处理、智能助手和自动化决策系统等。通过增强奖励模型的能力,Themis能够在更复杂的任务中提供更准确的反馈,从而提升人机交互的质量和效率。未来,该方法有望推动RLHF领域的进一步发展,促进更智能的系统设计。

📄 摘要(原文)

Reward modeling (a.k.a., preference modeling) is instrumental for aligning large language models with human preferences, particularly within the context of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). While conventional reward models (RMs) have exhibited remarkable scalability, they oft struggle with fundamental functionality such as arithmetic computation, code execution, and factual lookup. In this paper, we propose a tool-augmented preference modeling approach, named Themis, to address these limitations by empowering RMs with access to external environments, including calculators and search engines. This approach not only fosters synergy between tool utilization and reward grading but also enhances interpretive capacity and scoring reliability. Our study delves into the integration of external tools into RMs, enabling them to interact with diverse external sources and construct task-specific tool engagement and reasoning traces in an autoregressive manner. We validate our approach across a wide range of domains, incorporating seven distinct external tools. Our experimental results demonstrate a noteworthy overall improvement of 17.7% across eight tasks in preference ranking. Furthermore, our approach outperforms Gopher 280B by 7.3% on TruthfulQA task in zero-shot evaluation. In human evaluations, RLHF trained with Themis attains an average win rate of 32% when compared to baselines across four distinct tasks. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive collection of tool-related RM datasets, incorporating data from seven distinct tool APIs, totaling 15,000 instances. We have made the code, data, and model checkpoints publicly available to facilitate and inspire further research advancements\footnote{\url{https://github.com/ernie-research/Tool-Augmented-Reward-Model}}.