StarRTT: An End-to-End Real-Time Framework for Blind Zone-Free RTT Prediction in Starlink LEO Satellite Networks
作者: Jaeyong Lee, Seongjin Jeong, Yusang Park, Hyunho Hwang, Sangmin Han, Wonjae Shin
分类: cs.IT, cs.AI
发布日期: 2026-10-23
备注: 15 pages, 5 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出StarRTT框架以解决Starlink LEO卫星网络中的RTT预测问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱八:物理动画 (Physics-based Animation)
关键词: 低地球轨道卫星 RTT预测 实时框架 长短期记忆网络 服务卫星识别 网络优化 数据传输
📋 核心要点
- 现有的服务卫星识别方法在调度周期结束时才完成,造成实时预测的盲区,限制了RTT预测的准确性。
- StarRTT框架通过每秒更新的服务卫星识别与RTT预测相结合,消除了盲区,提高了预测的实时性和准确性。
- RT-LSTM模型在严格的实时回测中,MAE为1.405毫秒,相较于LSTM、StarNet和ASTM等模型分别减少了4.3%、11.6%和22.1%的误差。
📝 摘要(中文)
低地球轨道(LEO)卫星大规模星座如Starlink由于高轨道速度需要频繁切换,导致往返时间(RTT)波动显著。准确的RTT预测可以缓解这些波动,但现有的服务卫星识别方法通常在每个调度周期结束时才完成识别,造成了实时预测的盲区。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了StarRTT,一个端到端的实时框架,通过每秒更新的服务卫星识别与RTT预测相结合,消除了盲区。我们提出的实时长短期记忆(RT-LSTM)模型能够捕捉非平稳的RTT演变和服务卫星、用户终端及网关之间的时变几何关系。实验结果显示,RT-LSTM在严格的实时回测中,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.405毫秒,相较于现有基线模型减少了4.3%至22.1%的误差。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决低地球轨道卫星网络中RTT预测的盲区问题,现有方法在每个调度周期结束时才完成服务卫星的识别,导致实时预测的准确性受到限制。
核心思路:通过将服务卫星的实时识别与RTT预测相结合,StarRTT框架能够在每秒更新服务卫星信息的基础上进行准确的RTT预测,从而消除盲区。
技术框架:StarRTT框架包括两个主要模块:历史LSTM和未来LSTM。历史LSTM用于编码历史RTT观察值及实时的服务卫星和网关相对特征,而未来LSTM则处理基于两行元素(TLE)传播的未来特征,直至下一个调度时刻。
关键创新:RT-LSTM模型是本文的核心创新,能够同时捕捉非平稳的RTT演变和时变几何关系,显著提高了预测的准确性和实时性。与现有方法相比,RT-LSTM在调度时刻的误差减少了12.5%。
关键设计:模型采用了LSTM结构,结合历史和未来特征进行训练,损失函数设计为最小化预测误差,确保模型在实时环境下的有效性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
在严格的实时回测中,RT-LSTM模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.405毫秒,相较于LSTM、StarNet和ASTM等基线模型,误差分别减少了4.3%、11.6%和22.1%。尤其是在调度时刻,RT-LSTM的误差减少幅度达到12.5%,显示出实时服务卫星信息的优势。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括低地球轨道卫星通信、移动网络优化和实时数据传输等。通过提高RTT预测的准确性,StarRTT框架能够显著改善用户体验,降低延迟,提升网络性能,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations such as Starlink require frequent handovers due to high orbital velocities, resulting in substantial Round-Trip Time (RTT) fluctuations. Accurate RTT prediction can mitigate these fluctuations, yet it fundamentally relies on continuously updated serving- satellite information. Existing serving-satellite identification methods typically complete identification only at the end of each scheduling cycle, creating an identification blind zone that limits real-time prediction. To overcome this limitation, we develop StarRTT, an end-to-end real-time framework that eliminates the blind zone by integrating per-second serving-satellite identification with RTT prediction. Within this framework, we propose Real-Time Long Short-Term Memory (RT-LSTM), an LSTM-based RTT prediction model designed to capture both non-stationary RTT evolution and time-varying geometric relationships among the serving satellite, user terminal, and gateways. Specifically, a historical LSTM encodes historical RTT observations and real-time serving-satellite and gateway-relative features, while a future LSTM processes Two-Line Element (TLE)-propagated future features of the identified serving satellite up to the next scheduling instant. Under strict real-time back-testing, RT-LSTM achieves a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.405 ms averaged over all 15 prediction horizons and 15 reference time-slot indices, reducing the error by 4.3 %, 11.6 %, and 22.1 % compared with the existing baseline models, LSTM, StarNet, and Attention-based Spatiotemporal Model (ASTM), respectively. Notably, the reduction over LSTM reaches 12.5 % at the scheduling instant, highlighting the benefit of real-time serving-satellite information when recent RTT observations are limited.