Degrees of Freedom in Multi-Agent Coordination: Between Centralized and Decentralized Regimes
作者: Yiqing Peng, Hehai Lin, Zixuan Wang, Dongyi Zhang, Zhengjie Zhu, Yi Han, Yangyang Zheng, Hao Wang, Qian Li, Chengwei Qin
分类: cs.MA, cs.AI, cs.LG
发布日期: 2026-10-13
💡 一句话要点
提出自由度框架以优化多智能体系统协调问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 多智能体系统 协调机制 自由度框架 集中式协调 分散式协调 任务分配 性能优化
📋 核心要点
- 现有的集中式和分散式协调方法在控制和自主性之间存在权衡,导致性能瓶颈和协作效率低下。
- 本文提出自由度(DoF)框架,量化决策空间,控制任务分配的粒度,从而在集中式与分散式之间找到平衡。
- 实验结果表明,在六个评估状态中,五个状态的中间DoF配置实现了比两端更高的平均准确率,展示了协调空间探索的价值。
📝 摘要(中文)
基于大型语言模型的多智能体系统通常围绕集中式和分散式协调两种模式组织。集中式协调提供明确控制,但可能导致单一协调点的瓶颈;而分散式协调则提供局部自主性,但必须通过分布式决策和经验实现有效协作。为此,本文提出了自由度(DoF)这一连续配置框架,量化下游智能体的决策空间大小。DoF控制委派工作的粒度和每个任务单元分配给各分支的目标概率。通过多个任务领域的实验,DoF揭示了组织效应的层次结构,提供了对中间协调模式的实证指导。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决多智能体系统中集中式与分散式协调的权衡问题,现有方法在控制与自主性之间存在局限性,导致性能瓶颈。
核心思路:提出自由度(DoF)框架,通过量化决策空间的大小和任务分配的粒度,探索集中式与分散式之间的中间协调模式,以实现更高效的协作。
技术框架:整体架构包括自由度的定义、任务分配的概率控制以及在不同任务领域的实验验证。主要模块包括决策空间的量化、任务粒度的调整和性能评估。
关键创新:最重要的创新在于引入自由度(DoF)这一概念,提供了一个连续的配置框架,能够在集中式和分散式协调之间灵活调整,克服了传统方法的局限性。
关键设计:关键参数包括任务粒度的设置和任务单元的分配概率,损失函数设计考虑了不同领域的特性,确保模型在多种任务下的适应性和性能。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,在六个评估状态中,五个状态的中间DoF配置实现了比集中式和分散式两端更高的平均准确率,具体提升幅度未明确说明,表明中间配置在多任务环境中的优势。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能交通系统、机器人协作、分布式计算等。通过优化多智能体系统的协调方式,可以提高系统的整体效率和响应能力,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) are commonly organized around two coordination regimes. Centralized coordination provides explicit control but can create a bottleneck at a single coordination locus, whereas decentralized coordination offers local autonomy but must achieve effective collaboration through distributed decisions and experience. These trade-offs motivate a systematic study of the space between the two regimes. We introduce Degrees of Freedom (DoF), a continuous configuration framework that quantifies the size of the decision space delegated to downstream agents. DoF controls the granularity of delegated work and the target probability that each task unit is assigned to the branches. Its endpoints recover the two coordination regimes. Across multiple task domains, DoF reveals a hierarchy of organizational effects. Delegated granularity and within-regime routing produce structured but bounded profile reallocations, whereas task domain and retained experience are associated with stronger differences between the centralized- and decentralized-branch profiles. The resulting performance landscape is task-dependent: different domains favor different DoF configurations, while atomic-target conditions are more consistent across runs. In-domain retained experience brings the two branch profiles closer together. The same controlled sweep reveals a task-dependent coordination landscape: some domains exhibit higher-performing configurations, whereas others show flatter responses and no single configuration dominates across domains. In five of the six evaluated state, an intermediate DoF configuration achieves higher mean accuracy than both endpoints, demonstrating the value of exploring the coordination space between them. Together, these findings provide empirical guidance for studying and designing intermediate coordination regimes in LLM-based MAS.