Collective Autonomous Vehicle Routing Needs Social Awareness for Coexistence with Human Drivers
作者: Anastasia Psarou, Mikolaj Rams, Blazej Torbus, Rafal Kucharski
分类: cs.MA, cs.AI
发布日期: 2026-10-09
💡 一句话要点
提出社会意识的集体自主车辆路径选择以解决人车共存问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture) 支柱四:生成式动作 (Generative Motion)
关键词: 自主车辆 路径选择 社会意识 多智能体强化学习 交通管理 人车共存 边际成本 交通效率
📋 核心要点
- 现有方法中,自主车辆的路径选择往往只考虑自身利益,导致人驾驶车辆的行程时间增加,影响整体交通效率。
- 本文提出通过引入边际成本作为社会奖励,来平衡自主车辆与人驾驶车辆之间的利益,促进共存。
- 实验结果显示,纳入社会奖励后,HDV的行程时间增加从1.7%降至1.1%,同时AV的行程时间也得到了缩短,整体系统性能显著提升。
📝 摘要(中文)
集体自主车辆(AV)在现实交通网络中的路径选择可能对人驾驶车辆(HDV)产生外部影响,导致其他道路使用者的行程时间增加。为了解决这一问题,本文引入了边际成本这一社会成分,来补充自私的行程时间奖励。边际成本通过与去除AV的反事实模拟比较,捕捉AV对其他道路使用者的影响。我们使用多智能体强化学习(MARL)研究混合自主交通环境中的AV路径选择。实验结果表明,纳入边际成本后,HDV的行程时间增加得到了限制,AV的行程时间也相对自私路径选择得到了缩短,整体系统性能得到了改善。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决自主车辆在路径选择中对人驾驶车辆造成的负面外部性问题。现有方法未考虑社会影响,导致交通效率下降。
核心思路:通过引入边际成本作为奖励的一部分,评估自主车辆对其他道路使用者的影响,从而优化路径选择,促进交通系统的整体效益。
技术框架:采用多智能体强化学习(MARL)框架,AV通过与交通环境的反复交互学习路径策略。主要模块包括环境模拟、奖励计算和策略更新。
关键创新:引入边际成本这一社会成分,使AV的路径选择不仅考虑自身利益,还考虑对其他交通参与者的影响,这是与现有方法的本质区别。
关键设计:在奖励函数中,边际成本的计算仅针对对交通系统影响最大的AV,减少了反事实模拟的数量,从而降低了计算成本,同时保持了性能。具体参数设置和损失函数设计在实验中进行了优化。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,在英戈尔施塔特,40%的自主车辆采用自私路径选择时,其他车辆的行程时间增加1.7%,而纳入社会奖励后降至1.1%。这一结果在不同城市和渗透率下均保持一致,表明引入社会成分显著提升了整体系统性能。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括智能交通系统、自动驾驶汽车的路径规划和城市交通管理。通过引入社会意识的路径选择机制,可以提高交通系统的整体效率,减少交通拥堵,并促进人车共存的和谐发展。未来,随着自动驾驶技术的普及,该方法将对交通管理政策和智能交通系统的设计产生深远影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
Collective Autonomous Vehicle (AV) route choices in real-world traffic networks can create externalities for Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs), as routes that benefit AVs may increase travel times for other road users. To address this, we introduce a social component, the marginal cost, to the selfish travel time AV reward. Marginal cost captures an AV's impact on other road users by comparing their travel times with those in a counterfactual simulation in which the AV is removed. We study AV route choice in mixed-autonomy traffic settings using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), where AVs learn routing policies through repeated interactions with the traffic environment. Experiments on the real-world networks of Ingolstadt and Provins show that incorporating marginal cost into the AV reward not only limits the increase in HDV travel times and shortens AV travel times relative to selfish AV routing, but also improves overall system performance. In Ingolstadt, selfish routing of 40\% AVs increases the travel times of other vehicles by 1.7\%, and this drops to 1.1\% when the social reward is included. Interestingly, not only does overall system performance improve, but the AVs are also better off when acting socially.This effect is consistent across tested cities, penetration rates, and replications, yet when the weight of the social component in the reward increases, the system fails to reach the desired performance. For a more scalable approach to social AV routing in mixed-autonomy traffic, we compute the marginal cost only for the AVs whose route choices most affect the traffic system. This reduces the number of counterfactual simulations and achieves similar performance at a significantly lower computational cost. Our results suggest that AV routing should go beyond selfish rewards and, for the benefit of all traffic participants, include a social component in its objective.