Multimodal reasoning for broadly neutralizing antibody discovery from label-free human B cell repertoires across virus families
作者: Hantao Lou, Jianqing Zheng, Can Yue, Meihan Zhang, Yuanchao Bao, Yu Chen, Mengting Huang, Yupeng Yang, Qianyu Pan, Nana Fu, Yansong Shi, Hongli Li, Yangyang Chai, Ruyi Chen, Wansheng Li, Zhu Liang, Rongmei Yao, Yuanhan Mo, Lei Wang, Chunmei Wang, Yun Quan, Qiong Zhang, Xiangxi Wang, Xuetao Cao
分类: q-bio.QM, cs.AI, cs.CE, q-bio.CB
发布日期: 2026-10-02
💡 一句话要点
提出ImmuneAgent以解决广谱中和抗体发现难题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 广谱中和抗体 多模态推理 元学习 抗体发现 免疫学 人工智能 生物技术
📋 核心要点
- 广谱中和抗体的发现面临极其稀有、细胞来源理解不足及现有工具无法适应新兴病毒等挑战。
- 提出ImmuneAgent系统,通过多模态推理与元学习结合,利用实验反馈提升抗体发现效率。
- 实验结果显示,ImmuneAgent在抗体发现率和bnAb产率上显著优于现有方法,并实现了对新抗原的发现。
📝 摘要(中文)
发现广谱中和抗体(bnAbs)是免疫学中的一项基本挑战,受到bnAb极其稀有、对其细胞来源理解不完全以及现有计算工具无法适应新兴病毒威胁等因素的制约。本文提出了ImmuneAgent,一个闭环AI系统,结合多模态推理、持续元学习和湿实验反馈,以克服这些障碍。该系统在筛选接种或感染队列的自然BCR库时,达到了约55%的中和抗体发现率和约11%的bnAb产率,显著优于同样预算下的现有序列基础中和预测模型。五种ImmuneAgent发现的抗体在致死性流感挑战中提供了100%的体内保护,表明该系统是针对新兴病毒威胁的快速治疗抗体发现的可推广框架。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决从人类自然免疫库中发现广谱中和抗体的困难,现有方法在抗体稀缺性和适应性上存在显著不足。
核心思路:ImmuneAgent系统通过集成多模态推理与持续元学习,结合实验反馈,形成一个闭环的抗体发现流程,以提高发现效率和准确性。
技术框架:该系统包括数据输入模块(自然BCR库)、多模态推理模块(结合序列和结构信息)、元学习模块(持续优化学习过程)以及实验验证模块(反馈机制)。
关键创新:ImmuneAgent的创新在于其闭环设计,能够实时整合实验结果进行学习,显著提高了抗体发现的成功率,与传统方法相比具备更强的适应性和泛化能力。
关键设计:系统采用了特定的损失函数以优化抗体的中和能力,并设计了适应性网络结构以处理多模态数据,确保了高效的学习和推理过程。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,ImmuneAgent在110个克隆候选中实现了约55%的中和抗体发现率和约11%的bnAb产率,显著优于现有的序列基础中和预测模型。五种发现的抗体在体内实验中对致死性流感挑战提供了100%的保护,显示出其临床应用潜力。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括疫苗开发、抗体治疗和新兴病毒的快速应对。ImmuneAgent的框架可用于快速筛选和优化抗体,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响,尤其是在应对突发公共卫生事件时。
📄 摘要(原文)
Discovering broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from human natural immune repertoires remains a fundamental challenge in immunology, hindered by: the extreme rarity of bnAb, incomplete understanding of their cellular origins across pathogens, and the inability of existing computational tools to generalize across emerging viral threats. Here we present ImmuneAgent, a closed-loop AI system that integrates multimodal reasoning with continual meta-learning and wet-lab feedback to overcome these barriers. Applied to screen the natural BCR repertoires from vaccinated or infected cohorts, the system achieves a ~55% neutralization antibody discovery rate (60 of 110 cloned candidates) and a ~11% bnAb yield (12 of 110), substantially outperforming a state-of-the-art sequence-based neutralization predictor or cofolding models evaluated at the same cloning budget. Five ImmuneAgent-discovered antibodies conferred 100% in vivo protection against lethal influenza challenge, comparable to the clinical-stage therapeutic MEDI8852. The system recovered the cellular and structural determinants of bnAb activity and identified FCRL5+CD27+ atypical memory B cells as a conserved bnAb reservoir and hydrophobic interface enrichment as a cross-viral structural signature, which generalized to unseen antigens, discovering human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cross-neutralizing and human papillomavirus (HPV)-neutralizing antibodies without antigen-specific sorting. These results validate that ImmuneAgent is a generalizable framework for rapid therapeutic antibody discovery against emerging viral threats.