Concept-Guided Spatial Regularization for World Models in Atari Pong
作者: Yukuan Lu, Zaishuo Xia, Weyl Lu, Yubei Chen
分类: cs.AI, cs.LG
发布日期: 2026-07-16
备注: 16 pages, 5 figures
💡 一句话要点
提出概念引导空间正则化以改善Atari Pong世界模型
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)
关键词: 世界模型 强化学习 概念引导 空间正则化 Atari Pong 模型评估 动态建模
📋 核心要点
- 现有的世界模型在关键任务概念建模上存在不足,导致在实际应用中出现明显的失败。
- 提出了概念引导空间正则化(CGSReg),通过对重要概念区域施加辅助损失来改善模型性能。
- 实验结果显示,CGSReg在多个模型中提升了闭环回放和零-shot MBRL的表现,尤其在DreamerV3中效果显著。
📝 摘要(中文)
世界模型通常作为基于模型的强化学习系统的组成部分进行评估,但其自身的研究相对较少。本文考察了五种Atari Pong中的视觉世界模型代理,发现它们在闭环回放中存在明显的失败,包括球的消失和不正确的球运动。为了解决这些问题,提出了概念引导空间正则化(CGSReg),通过对分割的概念区域应用辅助像素重构损失。实验表明,CGSReg在DreamerV3、DIAMOND和TWISTER中改善了闭环回放和像素空间零-shot MBRL的表现。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本文旨在解决现有世界模型在关键任务概念建模不足的问题,导致在实际应用中出现的视觉和动态错误,如球的消失和不正确的运动。
核心思路:提出概念引导空间正则化(CGSReg),通过对分割的概念区域施加辅助像素重构损失,增强模型对关键概念的建模能力,从而改善模型的表现。
技术框架:整体架构包括五个主要模块:模型训练、模型冻结、闭环回放诊断、像素空间零-shot MBRL训练和评估。首先训练并冻结世界模型,然后使用独立策略与冻结模型进行交互,最后评估生成的轨迹和策略性能。
关键创新:CGSReg是本文的核心创新,通过引入概念引导的正则化损失,显著提升了模型在关键任务概念的建模能力,与传统方法相比,能够更好地处理视觉和动态错误。
关键设计:在CGSReg中,设计了针对分割概念区域的像素重构损失函数,确保模型在关键区域的表现得到强化,同时保持其他区域的学习能力。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,CGSReg在DreamerV3中使得平均回报从-5.5降至-20.9,表明模型在关键任务概念建模上的显著不足。通过引入CGSReg,多个模型在闭环回放和零-shot MBRL的表现得到了明显改善,验证了其有效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括游戏AI、机器人控制和自动驾驶等需要高效世界建模的场景。通过改善世界模型的性能,可以提升智能体在复杂环境中的决策能力和适应性,具有重要的实际价值和未来影响。
📄 摘要(原文)
World models are usually evaluated as components of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) systems, while the world models themselves are rarely studied in isolation. We examine five representative visual world-model agents in Atari Pong: DreamerV3, DIAMOND, TWISTER, Simulus, and STORM. After reproducing their training pipelines and matching the reported agent performance, we freeze the learned world models and evaluate them with a closed-loop rollout diagnostic: a policy trained separately from the corresponding MBRL agent interacts with each frozen model, and the generated video trajectories are inspected for visual and dynamical errors. Across all five models, the rollouts contain clear failures, including ball disappearance, incorrect ball motion, and invalid ball-paddle interactions. Beyond visual trajectories, we further evaluate them with pixel-space zero-shot MBRL, where a new policy is trained entirely inside a frozen world model and then evaluated in the real environment. Across all five models, the resulting policies substantially underperform those produced by the corresponding original MBRL training pipelines. The gap is particularly large for DreamerV3, whose mean return drops from -5.5 to -20.9, near the minimum Pong return of -21. We hypothesize that insufficient modeling of task-critical concepts, such as the ball in Pong, may contribute to these failures. We therefore propose Concept-Guided Spatial Regularization (CGSReg), an auxiliary pixel reconstruction loss applied to segmented concept regions. Experiments show that CGSReg improves both closed-loop rollouts and pixel-space zero-shot MBRL in DreamerV3, DIAMOND, and TWISTER. Its effects vary across the remaining models and evaluation metrics, indicating that CGSReg alone does not address all world-model bottlenecks.