MAS-Algorithm: A Workflow for Solving Algorithmic Programming Problems with a Multi-Agent System
作者: Yuliang Xu, Xiang Xu, Yao Wan, Hu Wei, Tong Jia
分类: cs.AI, cs.SE
发布日期: 2026-05-07 (更新: 2026-05-08)
💡 一句话要点
提出MAS-Algorithm多智能体工作流,通过模块化协作提升AI算法编程问题的求解能力
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 多智能体系统 算法编程 结构化推理 代码生成 大语言模型 软件工程自动化
📋 核心要点
- 现有算法求解方法多依赖昂贵的模型微调或碎片化的提示工程,缺乏统一的结构化推理框架,导致复杂场景下推理能力受限。
- 提出MAS-Algorithm多智能体工作流,模拟算法工程师的协作流程,将求解过程解耦为模块化阶段,实现推理、工具调用与协作的有机统一。
- 实验表明该框架在Qwen系列模型上实现显著性能提升,通过率平均增长6.48%,且在LiveCodeBench-Pro等基准测试中表现出优于微调的泛化能力。
📝 摘要(中文)
算法编程问题是评估AI系统结构化推理能力的严苛测试平台。现有方法多依赖模型架构修改或数据扩展,不仅成本高昂且可解释性有限;而基于外部工具或提示工程的方法则往往缺乏统一框架。本文提出了MAS-Algorithm,这是一个受竞技编程与算法工程实践启发的多智能体系统工作流。该框架将端到端的求解过程分解为模块化阶段,实现了结构化推理、工具集成与智能体间的灵活协作。实验结果显示,该框架在自建基准测试中使Qwen系列模型的通过率平均提升了6.48%,远超参数高效微调(0.89%)的效果,并在LiveCodeBench-Pro上实现了4.72%的性能增益。此外,通过对推理过程、错误模式及消融实验的深入分析,本文揭示了该框架在提升AI算法推理潜力方面的显著优势。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:论文旨在解决AI在处理复杂算法编程问题时推理逻辑不严密、缺乏系统性规划以及现有方法(如微调或简单CoT)在处理长链条逻辑时表现不佳的问题。
核心思路:借鉴人类算法工程师的开发流程,将复杂的编程任务拆解为多个可管理的子任务。通过多智能体协作,让不同智能体分别负责分析、设计、编码、测试和调试,从而实现结构化的深度推理。
技术框架:框架采用模块化设计,包含多个功能性智能体。工作流从问题理解开始,经过算法设计、代码生成、测试用例执行,最后进入循环反馈的调试阶段。各阶段通过标准化的接口进行信息传递与协作。
关键创新:引入了基于多智能体协作的系统化工作流,而非单一模型的端到端生成。这种设计不仅提升了推理的透明度,还允许在特定环节引入外部工具(如编译器、解释器)进行实时验证,显著增强了代码的正确性。
关键设计:设计了灵活的智能体交互协议,支持根据问题难度动态调整协作深度。通过消融实验验证了各智能体模块的贡献度,发现单个智能体在特定环节的优化最高可带来27.7%的性能提升,证明了模块化设计的有效性。
🖼️ 关键图片
📊 实验亮点
实验结果显示,MAS-Algorithm在自建基准上使Qwen模型通过率提升6.48%,远超参数高效微调的0.89%。在LiveCodeBench-Pro上获得4.72%的增益。消融实验表明,各智能体模块协同工作可带来高达27.7%的性能上限提升,证明了该多智能体架构在处理复杂算法逻辑时的鲁棒性与高效性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究主要应用于自动化软件开发、智能编程助手及算法竞赛辅助系统。其核心价值在于提供了一种可解释、可扩展的推理框架,能够显著提升大模型在复杂逻辑编程、代码自动修复及算法优化任务中的表现,对提升AI在工程实践中的可靠性具有重要意义。
📄 摘要(原文)
Algorithmic problem solving serves as a rigorous testbed for evaluating structured reasoning in AI coding systems, as it directly reflects a model's ability to perform structured reasoning in complex scenarios. Existing approaches predominantly rely on model-centric strategies, such as architectural modifications and data scaling, which are costly and offer limited interpretability. Alternative methods leveraging external tools or prompting techniques (e.g., chain-of-thought) are often fragmented and lack a unified framework. In this paper, we propose MAS-Algorithm, a systematic multi-agent workflow for algorithmic problem solving inspired by the practices of competitive programmers and algorithm engineers. Our framework decomposes the end-to-end solving process into modular stages, enabling structured reasoning, tool integration, and flexible coordination among agents. The design emphasizes both rigor and extensibility, allowing it to generalize across diverse problem types. Experimental results on a self-constructed benchmark demonstrate consistent improvements across multiple Qwen series models, achieving an average gain of 6.48% in acceptance rate. In contrast, parameter-efficient fine-tuning on the same data yields only a marginal improvement of 0.89%. We further observe a 4.72% gain on LiveCodeBench-Pro, along with consistent improvements across additional accuracy and efficiency metrics. Beyond performance gains, we conduct comprehensive analyses to better understand the reasoning process within the workflow, including error patterns and cross-scenario behaviors. We further perform customized replacement and ablation studies to explore the upper bound of the framework, showing that individual agents can contribute improvements of up to 27.7%. These results highlight the strong potential of MAS-Algorithm for advancing AI-driven algorithmic reasoning.