Automated Optimization Modeling through Expert-Guided Large Language Model Reasoning

📄 arXiv: 2508.14410v2 📥 PDF

作者: Beinuo Yang, Qishen Zhou, Junyi Li, Chenxing Su, Simon Hu

分类: cs.AI

发布日期: 2025-08-20 (更新: 2025-08-22)


💡 一句话要点

提出ORThought框架以自动化优化建模过程

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 优化建模 大型语言模型 链式推理 数据集增强 物流优化

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有优化建模方法依赖领域专家,过程耗时且容易出错,且标注错误率高达42%。
  2. 提出LogiOR基准和ORThought框架,通过链式推理自动化优化建模过程,提升效率和准确性。
  3. 实验证明ORThought在复杂优化问题上表现优异,显著超越多智能体框架,提升效果明显。

📝 摘要(中文)

优化建模(OM)在解决复杂决策问题中至关重要,但该过程耗时且易出错,严重依赖领域专家。尽管大型语言模型(LLMs)在自然语言理解和推理能力上展现出潜力,但现有方法面临三大关键限制:基准标注错误率高达42%、评估范围狭窄仅考虑最优值,以及由于依赖多智能体系统或模型微调导致的计算低效。本文通过系统性错误修正和更全面的注释增强现有数据集,提出了来自物流领域的新优化建模基准LogiOR,包含更复杂的问题和标准化注释。此外,我们提出了ORThought框架,通过链式推理利用专家级优化建模原则来自动化OM过程。通过广泛的实证评估,ORThought在复杂优化问题上显著优于现有方法,尤其是多智能体框架。最后,我们对方法进行了系统分析,识别出关键成功因素和失败模式,为未来基于LLM的优化建模研究提供了宝贵见解。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决优化建模过程中存在的高错误率、狭窄评估范围和计算低效等问题。现有方法依赖领域专家,导致时间和精力的浪费。

核心思路:通过引入LogiOR基准和ORThought框架,利用链式推理和专家知识来自动化优化建模,减少对人工干预的依赖。

技术框架:整体架构包括数据集增强、LogiOR基准构建和ORThought框架。数据集增强通过系统性错误修正和全面注释实现,LogiOR基准提供复杂问题的标准化注释,而ORThought框架则负责自动化建模过程。

关键创新:最重要的创新在于ORThought框架的提出,它结合了专家级优化建模原则与链式推理,显著提高了建模的准确性和效率。与现有方法相比,ORThought在处理复杂问题时展现出更强的能力。

关键设计:在框架设计中,采用了标准化的注释和系统性错误修正策略,确保数据集的质量。此外,链式推理的实现细节和参数设置经过精心设计,以优化模型的推理过程。

📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,ORThought框架在复杂优化问题上表现优异,相较于多智能体框架,性能提升显著,具体提升幅度未明确给出,但在复杂问题上的优势尤为突出,展示了其在实际应用中的潜力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括物流、供应链管理和其他需要复杂决策支持的行业。通过自动化优化建模,企业可以显著提高决策效率,降低人力成本,进而提升整体运营效率。未来,该方法有望推广至更多领域,推动智能决策系统的发展。

📄 摘要(原文)

Optimization Modeling (OM) is essential for solving complex decision-making problems. However, the process remains time-consuming and error-prone, heavily relying on domain experts. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in addressing these challenges through their natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities, current approaches face three critical limitations: high benchmark labeling error rates reaching up to 42%, narrow evaluation scope that only considers optimal values, and computational inefficiency due to heavy reliance on multi-agent systems or model fine-tuning. In this work, we first enhance existing datasets through systematic error correction and more comprehensive annotation. Additionally, we introduce LogiOR, a new optimization modeling benchmark from the logistics domain, containing more complex problems with standardized annotations. Furthermore, we present ORThought, a novel framework that leverages expert-level optimization modeling principles through chain-of-thought reasoning to automate the OM process. Through extensive empirical evaluation, we demonstrate that ORThought outperforms existing approaches, including multi-agent frameworks, with particularly significant advantages on complex optimization problems. Finally, we provide a systematic analysis of our method, identifying critical success factors and failure modes, providing valuable insights for future research on LLM-based optimization modeling.