PMF-CEC: Phoneme-augmented Multimodal Fusion for Context-aware ASR Error Correction with Error-specific Selective Decoding
作者: Jiajun He, Tomoki Toda
分类: eess.AS, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.SD
发布日期: 2025-05-31
备注: Accepted by IEEE TASLP 2025
💡 一句话要点
提出PMF-CEC以解决ASR错误纠正中的同音词问题
🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)
关键词: 自动语音识别 错误纠正 多模态融合 音素增强 上下文感知 深度学习 同音词处理
📋 核心要点
- 现有的ASR后处理方法在处理发音相似的稀有词时准确性不足,导致错误纠正效果不理想。
- 论文提出的PMF-CEC方法通过音素增强和多模态融合,改善了对同音词的区分能力,从而提高了错误纠正的准确性。
- 实验结果显示,PMF-CEC在多个数据集上相较于ED-CEC显著降低了偏差词错误率,并在推理速度和鲁棒性上优于其他方法。
📝 摘要(中文)
端到端的自动语音识别(ASR)模型在准确识别稀有词方面常常面临挑战。我们之前提出的错误检测和上下文感知错误纠正(ED-CEC)方法利用上下文信息来提高ASR转录的准确性。尽管ED-CEC在纠正稀有词方面取得了一定成功,但在处理发音相似但拼写不同的稀有词时,其准确性仍然较低。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了一种基于ED-CEC的音素增强多模态融合方法(PMF-CEC),使得目标稀有词和同音词之间的区分更加明确。此外,我们还引入了保留概率机制,以过滤掉置信度低于设定阈值的编辑操作,从而提高错误检测的准确性。实验结果表明,PMF-CEC在保持合理推理速度的同时,进一步降低了偏差词错误率,尤其在纠正同音词方面表现出更强的优势。
🔬 方法详解
问题定义:本论文旨在解决ASR模型在识别发音相似但拼写不同的稀有词时的低准确性问题。现有的ED-CEC方法在此方面表现不佳,尤其是在同音词的纠正上存在明显不足。
核心思路:PMF-CEC方法通过引入音素信息和多模态融合技术,增强了对稀有词的区分能力,特别是在处理同音词时,能够更有效地进行错误纠正。
技术框架:PMF-CEC的整体架构包括音素增强模块、上下文感知错误检测模块和保留概率机制。音素增强模块负责提取音素特征,上下文感知模块利用上下文信息进行错误检测,而保留概率机制则用于过滤低置信度的编辑操作。
关键创新:PMF-CEC的主要创新在于音素增强与多模态融合的结合,显著提高了对同音词的区分能力,克服了ED-CEC在处理相似发音词时的局限性。
关键设计:在设计中,保留概率机制的阈值设置是关键参数,通过调整该阈值,可以有效提高错误检测的准确性。此外,网络结构采用了深度学习模型,以适应多模态输入的特征提取。
📊 实验亮点
实验结果表明,PMF-CEC在五个数据集上相较于ED-CEC显著降低了偏差词错误率,尤其在纠正同音词方面表现出更强的优势。此外,PMF-CEC在推理速度上保持合理,优于其他上下文偏置方法,显示出更好的鲁棒性。
🎯 应用场景
该研究的潜在应用领域包括语音助手、自动字幕生成和电话客服系统等,能够显著提高这些系统在处理复杂语言环境下的准确性和用户体验。未来,随着技术的不断发展,PMF-CEC方法有望在更多实际应用中发挥重要作用,尤其是在多语种和方言识别方面。
📄 摘要(原文)
End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models often struggle to accurately recognize rare words. Previously, we introduced an ASR postprocessing method called error detection and context-aware error correction (ED-CEC), which leverages contextual information such as named entities and technical terms to improve the accuracy of ASR transcripts. Although ED-CEC achieves a notable success in correcting rare words, its accuracy remains low when dealing with rare words that have similar pronunciations but different spellings. To address this issue, we proposed a phoneme-augmented multimodal fusion method for context-aware error correction (PMF-CEC) method on the basis of ED-CEC, which allowed for better differentiation between target rare words and homophones. Additionally, we observed that the previous ASR error detection module suffers from overdetection. To mitigate this, we introduced a retention probability mechanism to filter out editing operations with confidence scores below a set threshold, preserving the original operation to improve error detection accuracy. Experiments conducted on five datasets demonstrated that our proposed PMF-CEC maintains reasonable inference speed while further reducing the biased word error rate compared with ED-CEC, showing a stronger advantage in correcting homophones. Moreover, our method outperforms other contextual biasing methods, and remains valuable compared with LLM-based methods in terms of faster inference and better robustness under large biasing lists.