Prioritized Soft Q-Decomposition for Lexicographic Reinforcement Learning

📄 arXiv: 2310.02360v2 📥 PDF

作者: Finn Rietz, Erik Schaffernicht, Stefan Heinrich, Johannes Andreas Stork

分类: cs.AI

发布日期: 2023-10-03 (更新: 2024-05-02)

备注: Camera ready version


💡 一句话要点

提出优先软Q分解以解决连续空间的多目标强化学习问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱二:RL算法与架构 (RL & Architecture)

关键词: 强化学习 多目标优化 机器人控制 子任务分解 增量学习 优先级调度

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有的强化学习方法在处理复杂任务时,难以有效设计标量奖励函数,且从零开始训练模型效率低下。
  2. 本文提出的优先软Q分解(PSQD)算法,通过子任务变换和价值分解,能够有效解决字典序优先级的多目标RL问题。
  3. 实验结果显示,PSQD在低维和高维的机器人控制任务中成功实现了学习、重用和适应,且在离线学习中表现优异。

📝 摘要(中文)

复杂任务的强化学习(RL)仍然面临挑战,主要是由于工程化标量奖励函数的困难以及从头训练模型的低效性。本文针对连续空间的字典序多目标RL问题,提出了一种优先软Q分解(PSQD)算法,能够在字典序优先级下学习和适应子任务解决方案。PSQD通过子任务变换将问题标量化,并利用价值分解进行增量求解。该方法允许在零次交互中重用先前学习的子任务解决方案,并通过适应步骤进行调整。实验结果表明,PSQD在低维和高维的机器人控制任务中均表现出色,且在离线学习中无需新的环境交互。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决连续空间中的字典序多目标强化学习问题,现有方法在处理优先级子任务时存在效率低下和冲突的挑战。

核心思路:通过优先软Q分解(PSQD)算法,将复杂任务分解为优先级子任务,利用子任务变换进行标量化,并采用增量学习策略来逐步解决问题。

技术框架:PSQD的整体架构包括子任务变换模块、价值分解模块和适应模块。首先将任务标量化,然后通过增量方式学习子任务,最后进行适应以优化解决方案。

关键创新:PSQD的主要创新在于能够在学习过程中保持子任务优先级,避免了传统方法中对冲突子任务的权衡,提供了一种更直观的框架来处理复杂RL问题。

关键设计:在PSQD中,关键参数包括子任务的优先级设置和适应步骤的学习率,损失函数设计上强调了优先级的保持,网络结构则采用了适应性价值函数来增强学习效果。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果表明,PSQD在低维和高维的机器人控制任务中均取得了显著的学习和适应效果,相较于基线方法,PSQD在处理优先级子任务时没有出现性能折衷,展示了更高的学习效率和适应能力。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括机器人控制、自动驾驶、智能制造等复杂任务的强化学习场景。通过有效的子任务重用和适应,PSQD能够显著提高学习效率,降低对环境交互的依赖,具有广泛的实际价值和未来影响。

📄 摘要(原文)

Reinforcement learning (RL) for complex tasks remains a challenge, primarily due to the difficulties of engineering scalar reward functions and the inherent inefficiency of training models from scratch. Instead, it would be better to specify complex tasks in terms of elementary subtasks and to reuse subtask solutions whenever possible. In this work, we address continuous space lexicographic multi-objective RL problems, consisting of prioritized subtasks, which are notoriously difficult to solve. We show that these can be scalarized with a subtask transformation and then solved incrementally using value decomposition. Exploiting this insight, we propose prioritized soft Q-decomposition (PSQD), a novel algorithm for learning and adapting subtask solutions under lexicographic priorities in continuous state-action spaces. PSQD offers the ability to reuse previously learned subtask solutions in a zero-shot composition, followed by an adaptation step. Its ability to use retained subtask training data for offline learning eliminates the need for new environment interaction during adaptation. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by presenting successful learning, reuse, and adaptation results for both low- and high-dimensional simulated robot control tasks, as well as offline learning results. In contrast to baseline approaches, PSQD does not trade off between conflicting subtasks or priority constraints and satisfies subtask priorities during learning. PSQD provides an intuitive framework for tackling complex RL problems, offering insights into the inner workings of the subtask composition.